Primary frequency modulation control strategy for flywheel energy storage counting and wind farms

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0039

Abstract

Abstract:

With the increasing integration of new energy sources, the issue of frequency stability in power systems is becoming more severe. This study proposes an improved control strategy for primary frequency regulation of a flywheel energy storage–assisted wind farm. Herein, the frequency characteristics and capacity configuration of a wind-storage system are analyzed. The wind farm adopts virtual inertia control to participate in primary frequency regulation. However, due to random variations in the natural wind speed, the output power of the wind farm may cause flywheels to operate at high or low speeds for prolonged durations. In cases of abrupt changes in the wind speed, the flywheel may even exceed its speed limit. To prevent the overspeeding of the flywheel, virtual droop control is employed along with fuzzy rules to compensate for the power deficit of the wind farm in the primary frequency regulation. Simulation analysis and experimental validation under step and continuous load disturbances show that the improved control strategy exhibits smaller maximum frequency deviation and faster response speed in both disturbance scenarios.

Key words: wind farm, primary frequency regulation, flywheel energy storage, maximum frequency deviation, response speed

CLC Number:

TK 02

Du JIN, Guangchen LIU, Bowen SUN, Tianyuan HUANG, Jianwei ZHANG, Guizhen TIAN, Lili JING. Primary frequency modulation control strategy for flywheel energy storage counting and wind farms[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(6): 1911-1920.

Figures/Tables 27

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Table 1

Fuzzy rule table"

$Δ f$	$Δ P 1$
$Δ f$	$V$ =NB	$V$ =NM	$V$ =NS	$V$ =ZO	$V$ =PS	$V$ =PM	$V$ =PB
NB	NS	NS	NM	NM	NM	NB	NB
NM	NS	NS	NS	NM	NM	NB	NB
NS	ZO	ZO	ZO	ZO	NS	NS	NS
ZO	PS	PS	PS	ZO	NS	NS	NS
PS	PS	PS	PS	ZO	ZO	ZO	ZO
PM	PB	PB	PM	PM	PS	PS	PS
PB	PB	PB	PM	PM	PM	PS	PS

Table 1

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Table 2

System frequency evaluation index under step load perturbation"

控制方法	$Δ f m a x$ $/ H z$	$Δ f s$ $/ H z$
虚拟下垂	1.16	-1.15
改进策略	1.155	-1.15

Table 2

Table 3

Output evaluation index under step load disturbance"

控制方法	$t d$ $/ s$	$t u p$ $/ s$	$t s$ $/ s$
虚拟下垂	0.064	0.576	0.64
改进策略	0.06	0.54	0.6

Table 3

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