Application of electrochemical energy storage in power generation

doi:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2019.0167

Abstract

Abstract:

With continuous strengthening of the national environmental protection efforts, the proportion of new forms of energy power generation has gradually increased, resulting in gradual transformations in the energy structure of China. Because of the fast response rate and high adjustment accuracy of an energy storage system, it has become an important supporting method to improve the power quality and promote the consumption of new types of energy within the energy industry; it has also become the subject of increasing attention. Furthermore, the advancement of the energy storage technology (through the improvement of the product quality and continuous cost reduction) has realized its commercial application. The development of various electrochemical energy storage technologies has gradually expanded the energy storage application possibilities. In addition to technological advances, the promulgation of national policies and regulations and the deepening of power market reforms have promoted the application and support of electrochemical energy storage technologies. This study summarizes the application status of energy storage in the global power industry from a data perspective. It summarizes the development of the energy storage policies and standards of the domestic electrochemical industry and introduces the modes, technical routes, and key technology for the integration of electrochemical energy storage. Additionally, from the perspective of power generation, the use of electrochemical energy storage technology in new, large-scale grid-connected, auxiliary, and microgrid level settings is discussed in terms of the functions, policies, and application projects. Finally, the potential and development trends of electrochemical energy storage technology with respect to future energy systems are considered, and development suggestions for energy storage enterprises are proposed to promote the commercial operation and usage of energy storage.

Key words: energy storage, power generation side, new energy grid connection, auxiliary service, microgrid

CLC Number:

TM 7

ZHANG Wenjian, CUI Qingru, LI Zhiqiang, YU Kang. Application of electrochemical energy storage in power generation[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(1): 287-295.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

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名称	钴酸锂(LiCoO₂)	锰酸锂(LiMn₂O₄)	三元锂		磷酸铁锂(LiFePO₄)	钛酸锂(Li₄Ti₅O₁₂)^[6]
名称	钴酸锂(LiCoO₂)	锰酸锂(LiMn₂O₄)	镍钴锰酸锂(LiNiMnCoO₂或NMC)	镍钴铝酸锂(LiNiCoAlO₂或称NCA)	磷酸铁锂(LiFePO₄)	钛酸锂(Li₄Ti₅O₁₂)^[6]
电压	标称值3.60 V；典型工作范围3.0～4.2 V	标称值3.70 V；典型工作范围3.0～4.2 V	标称值3.60 V；典型工作范围3.0～4.2 V	标称值3.60 V；典型工作范围3.0～4.2 V	标称值3.20 V；典型工作范围2.5～3.65 V	标称值2.40 V；典型工作范围1.8～2.85 V
比能(容量)	150～200 W·h/kg特种电池提供高达240 W·h/kg	100～150 W·h/kg	150～220 W·h/kg	200～260 W·h/kg；预测可以达300 W·h/kg	90～120 W·h/kg	50～80 W·h/kg
充电 (C率)	0.7～1 C，充电至4.20 V(大部分电池)；1C以上的充电电流会缩短电池寿命	典型值为0.7～1C，最大值为3 C，充电至4.20 V(大部分电池)	0.7～1 C，充电至4.20 V，一些至4.30 V；1C以上的充电电流会缩短电池寿命	0.7 C，充电至4.20 V(大多数电池)，一些电池可以快速充电	1 C典型，充电至3.65 V；功率型目前最大4 C	1 C典型；最大5 C，充电至2.85 V
放电 (C率)	1 C；放电截止电压2.50 V	1 C；2.50 V截止	1 C；2 C可能在某些电芯上可行；2.50 V截止	1 C典型；截止3.00 V	1C，2.5C在一些电芯上可行；2.50 V截止	10 C可达，截止电压1.80 V
循环寿命	500～1000，与放电深度、负荷、温度有关	300～700(与放电深度、温度有关)	1000～2000(与放电深度、温度有关)	500(与放电深度、温度有关)	1000～2000(与放电深度、温度有关)	3000～7000
热失控	150 ℃(302 ℉)。满充状态容易带来热失控	典型值为250 ℃(482 ℉)。高电荷促进热失控	典型的210 ℃(410 ℉)。高电荷促进热失控	典型值为150 ℃(302 ℉)，高电荷会导致热失控	270 ℃(518 ℉)即使充满电，电池也非常安全	一种最安全的锂离子电池

项目名称	系统规模	储能类型
国家能源集团北镇储能型风电场	8 MW/14 MW·h	磷酸铁锂电池5 MW/10 MW·h、钒液流电池2 MW/4 MW·h、超级电容1 MW/33 kW·h
国家能源集团卧牛石风电场储能	5 MW/10 MW·h	钒液流电池
中国深圳宝清储能电站	4 MW/16 MW·h	磷酸铁锂电池
中国张北风光储输示范工程(一期)	14 MW/31 MW·h	磷酸铁锂电池

安装地点	系统规模	储能电池类型	状态
广东云浮电厂	9 MW/4.5 MW·h	磷酸铁锂	投运
山西晋能阳光电厂	9 MW/4.5 MWh	三元锂	投运
山西同达电厂	9 MW/4.478 MW·h	磷酸铁锂	投运
内蒙古上都电厂	18 MW/8.957 MW·h	磷酸铁锂	投运

项目名称	系统规模	储能类型
国家863计划并网型微网示范工程浙江鹿西岛项目	2 MW/4 MW·h	铅酸电池
北京市新能源产业基地微电网建设项目	2.6 MW/3.7 MW·h	液流电池、锂离子电池、超级电容器、锌溴电池、镍氢电池
江苏天工国际产业园区互联网+智慧能源系统储能项目	一期：1 MW/8 MW·h二期:11.5 MW/92 MW·h	锂离子电池

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