Analysis of modeling and flow characteristics of vanadium redox flow battery

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2019.0215

Abstract

Abstract:

To improve the operation efficiency of a vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) system, flow rate, which is an important factor that affects the operation efficiency of VRB, must be considered. The existing VRB model does not reflect the coupling effect of flow rate and ion diffusion and cannot fully reflect the operation characteristics of the VRB system. Therefore, this paper establishes the hybrid model of the VRB, and hydrodynamic and electrochemical models are added to the equivalent circuit model. The equivalent circuit model reflects the electrical performance of the vanadium battery, the hydrodynamic model reflects the influence of the flow rate on the VRB system, and the electrochemical model reflects the chemical properties of the vanadium battery. The performance of VRB is demonstrated more comprehensively and accurately by synthesizing the characteristics of the three models, and the accuracy of the hybrid model is verified by their comparison. The influence of flow rate on the efficiency of the battery system is analyzed using the hybrid model. It is found that the optimal flow rate is a function of the state of charge (SOC) during charging and discharging. The optimal flow under different SOC is obtained by simulation, and the use of the SOC segment controls the flow rate and effectively improves the efficiency of the battery system.

Key words: vanadium redox flow battery, hybrid model, flow rate, segment control

CLC Number:

TM 911

SHAO Junkang, LI Xin, MO Yanqing, QIU Ya, DONG Xueping, ZHU Haoyu. Analysis of modeling and flow characteristics of vanadium redox flow battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(2): 645-655.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 1

5 kW/6 h VRBparameters"

参数名称	符号	取值	单位	参数名称	符号	取值	单位
额定功率	P _s	5	kW	V³⁺扩散系数	K ₃	3.222×10^-10(25 ℃)	dm² ·s^-1
额定电压	U _s	48	V	VO²⁺扩散系数	K ₄	6.825×10^-10(25 ℃)	dm² ·s^-1
额定电流	I _d	105	A	VO₂ ⁺扩散系数	K ₅	5.897×10^-10(25 ℃)	dm² ·s^-1
额定时间	T	6	h	V²⁺扩散系数	K ₂	8.768×10^-10(25 ℃)	dm² ·s^-1
额定能量	E _N	30	kW·h	内部电阻	R _a	0.040	Ω
额定容量	C _a	630	A·h	反应电阻	R _b	0.026	Ω
最大电流	I _max	120	A	固定电阻损耗	R _f	13.94	Ω
电堆体积	V _s	165	L	动态响应	C _e	0.154	F
电解液总体积	V _t	1600	L	电解质密度	ρ	1354	g·L^-1
电池单体个数	N _cell	39	个	电解质粘度	μ	4.928×10^-3	Pa·s^-1
全氟离子交换膜厚度	d	1.78×10^-3	dm	循环泵的效率	α	80	%
单体隔膜面积	S	10	dm²	管道长度与横截面积之比	L/A	460	dm^-1
法拉第常数	F	96485	C·mol^-1	流阻	$R ?$	14186.843	Pa·L^-1
转移的电子数	Z	1	个	平衡电势	U _eq	1.259	V
钒电解液浓度	C	1.5	mol·L^-1

Table 1

Fig.5

Fig.6

Table 2

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Table 3

Fig.10

Fig.11

References 18

1	李鑫, 莫言青, 邱亚 . VRB仿真模型综述[J]. 机械设计与制造工程, 2017, 46(11): 1-7.
	LI Xin , MO Yanqing , QIU Ya . VRB simulation model review[J]. Mechane Design and Manufacturing Engineering, 2017, 46 (11): 1-7.
2	TANG A , BAO J , SKYLLAS-KAZACOS M . Dynamic modelling of the effects of ion diffusion and side reactions on the capacity loss for vanadium redox flow battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2011, 196(24): 10737-10747.
3	TANG A , BAO J , SKYLLAS-KAZACOS M . Thermal modelling of battery configuration and self-discharge reactions in vanadium redox flow battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2012, 216: 489-501.
4	SKYLLAS-KAZACOS M , MENICTAS C . The vanadium redox battery for emergency back-up applications[C]//International Telecommunications Energy Conference, 1997.
5	CHAHWAN J , ABBEY C , JOOS G . VRB modelling for the study of output terminal voltages , internal losses and performance[C]//Electrical Power Conference, IEEE, 2007.
6	SHAH A A , WATT-SMITHM J , WALSH F C . A dynamic performance model for redox-flow batteries involving soluble species[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2008, 53(27): 8087-8100.
7	周正, 殷聪, 房红琳 . VRB电化学极化理论研究[J]. 东方电气评论, 2014, 28(2): 1-7.
	ZHOU Zheng , YIN Cong , FANG Honglin . Theoretical study on VRB electrochemical polarization[J]. Dongfang Electric Review, 2014, 28 (2): 1-7.
8	田野, 刘建国, 彭海泉 . 三维非恒温的钒电池流场模型[J]. 电源技术, 2012, 36(2): 201-203.
	TIAN Ye , LIU Jianguo , PENG Haiquan . Three dimensional non isothermal flow field model of vanadium battery[J]. Chinese Journal of Powe Source, 2012, 36 (2): 201-203.
9	CHAHWAN J A . Vanadium-redox flow and lithium-ion battery modelling and performance in wind energy applications[D]. Montreal： McGill University, 2007.
10	姚敦平 . 钒电池快速充电方法及钒电池光伏储能系统建模研究[D]. 衡阳：南华大学, 2012.
	YAO Dunping . Fast charging method of vanadium batteries and modeling of photovoltaic energy storage system of vanadium battery [D]. Hengyang: Nanhua University, 2012.
11	王湘明, 李庆磊, 郭雨梅 . 基于Matlab/SimulinkVRB的建模研究[J]. 电源技术, 2013, 37(2): 234-237.
	WANG Xiangming , LI Qinglei , GUO Yumei . Modeling research based on MATLAB/Simulink VRB [J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 37(2): 234-237.
12	雷加智, 李勋, 朱敬峰 . VRB模型及其充放电控制[J]. 电源技术, 2013, 37(9): 1574-1576.
	LEI Jiazhi , LI Xun , ZHU Jingfeng . VRB model and charge and discharge control [J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 37 (9): 1574-1576.
13	沈洁, 李广凯, 侯耀飞 . 钒液流电池建模及充放电效率分析[J]. 电源技术, 2013, 37(6): 1001-1003.
	SHEN Jie , LI Guangkai , HOU Yaofei . Modeling and charging and discharging efficiency analysis of vanadium liquid flow batteries[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 37 (6): 1001-1003.
14	彭亚凯, 刘飞, 李爱魁 . VRB电气模型建模与验证[J]. 水电能源科学, 2012(5): 188-190.
	PENG Yakai , LIU Fei , LI Aikui . VRB electrical model modeling and verification[J]. Hydropower Energy Science, 2012 (5): 188-190.
15	迟晓妮, 朱敏刚, 吴秋轩 . 基于等效模型的全钒液流电池运行优化控制研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(3): 530-538.
	CHI Xiaoni , ZHU Mingang , WU Qiuxuan . Operational optimization control of all vanadium liquid flow battery based on equivalent model[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7 (3): 530-538.
16	刘记 . 全钒液流电池双极板流道的优化及流量控制研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2011.
	LIU Ji . Study on optimization and flow control of bipolar plate runner for all-vanadium liquid flow battery [D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2011.
17	BLANC C , RUFER A . Multiphysics and energetic modeling of a vanadium redox flow battery[C]// IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, 2008.
18	BLANC C . Multiphysics and energetic modeling of a vanadium redox flow battery electricity storage system[D]. Proc. Int. Conf. on Sustainable Energy Technologies (ICSET), doi: 10.1109/ICSET.2008.4747096, 2008.

SOC	C _V2+/mol·L^-1	C _V3+/mol·L^-1	C _V4+/mol·L^-1	C _V5+/mol·L^-1
0.2	0.30	1.20	1.35	0.15
0.4	0.60	0.90	1.05	0.45
0.5	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75
0.6	0.90	0.60	0.45	1.05
0.8	1.20	0.30	0.15	1.35

SOC	最优流量/L·min^-1
0.1～0.25	0.318
0.25～0.55	0.315
0.55～0.65	0.318
0.65～0.75	0.324
0.75～0.9	0.330

[1]	Jiayu YUAN, Xinguang LI, Wenchao WANG, Chengkuo FU. Simulation of serpentine cooling structure of battery pack considering mass flow [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2274-2281.
[2]	Xuan WANG, Qiang YE. The aggravation of side reactions caused by insufficient localized liquid supply in an all-vanadium redox flow battery stack [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1455-1467.
[3]	Zhenyu WANG, Zixiao GUO, Xinzhuang FAN, Tianshou ZHAO. Comparative study between serpentine and interdigitated flow fields for vanadium redox flow batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(4): 1121-1130.
[4]	Kehuan XIE, Chuanchang LI, Jian CHEN, Longhai YU, zhun TAN, Weihai QIN. Simulation model advances in vanadium redox flow battery energy storage and monitoring method for state of charge [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 2363-2372.
[5]	WANG Qiushi, SUN Miaomiao, LIU Qinghua, YANG Hong CHEN Jingyun, LIU Junqing, LIANG Wenbin. Surface modification of carbon fiber paper for vanadium redox flow battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(3): 714-719.
[6]	CHI Xiaoni, ZHU Mingang, WU Qiuxuan. Research on optimal operation control based on the equivalent model of VRFB system [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(3): 530-538.
[7]	LIU Jinyu,LI Dan, WANG Lihua, HAN Xutong, HUANG Qinglin. SPEEK/ SGO proton exchange membranes with superior proton selectivity for vanadium redox battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(1): 66-.
[8]	LI Xiangrong1,2, QIN Ye1, LIU Jianguo1, YAN Chuanwei1. Prediction of viscosity for concentrated aqueous VOSO4 solutions for vanadium flow batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2017, 6(4): 776-781.
[9]	CHEN Jizhong, LAI Xiaokang, HUI Dong, LI Bei, WANG Kunyang, LI Youning. Testing and analyzing power-energy response capability of the vanadium redox flow battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2014, 3(5): 486-489.
[10]	LIAO Sida, SONG Shiqiang, ZHANG Jianbo, WANG Baoguo. Simulation of the effects of electrode parameters on all-vanadium redox flow battery performance [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2014, 3(4): 395-405.
[11]	LI Minghua, FAN Yongsheng, LI Bingyang, WANG Baoguo. Theoretical and technological aspects of flow batteries:Shunt current formation and control [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2014, 3(2): 164-169.
[12]	LIU Zonghao, ZHANG Huamin, GAO Sujun, MA Xiangkun, LIU Yufeng. The world's largest all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system for a wind farm [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2014, 3(1): 71-77.
[13]	LI Dandan, CHU Youqun, LI Wenwen, MA Chunan. Characteristics of graphite based composite electrodes containing carbon nanotubes for vanadium redox flow batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2013, 2(3): 227-232.
[14]	NIU Hongjin, TANG Junke, ZHANG Yongming, ZHANG Heng. Review on ion exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow battery applications [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2013, 2(2): 132-139.
[15]	YANG Linlin, LIAO Wenjun, SU Qing, WANG Zijian. The research &development status of vanadium redox flow battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2013, 2(2): 140-145.