Interpretation and analysis of GB/T 31467—2023: Electrical performance test methods for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems in electric vehicles

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0288

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years, China's new energy vehicle and traction battery industries have experienced rapid development. Some existing standards have not kept pace with these advancements. To address the current needs of China's new energy vehicles and power batteries, GB/T 31467—2023 has been revised and released. This updated standard incorporates China's experience with traction battery electrical performance testing and aligns with relevant international standards. The standard outlines electrical performance testing methods for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems. The paper compares the test items and technical content of GB/T 31467—2023 with those of GB/T 31467.1—2015, GB/T 31467.2—2015, and ISO 12405-4:2018. It details the revisions made to general test conditions, general tests, and basic performance tests, offering valuable insights for the development and verification of related traction battery products. The standard revision process took into account domestic technical advancements and specific demands of vehicle's for traction battery packs and systems. The revised standard introduces test methods for appearance, polarity, energy density, charging performance, and discharge under operating conditions. Adjustments have been made to the charging and discharging currents for all test items to reflect the actual conditions experienced during vehicle operation, aligning with real-world the charging and discharging currents and operating environments. The standard standardizes test temperatures for no-load state of charge loss, energy efficiency, and cranking power at both low and high temperature. This harmonization supports the development and testing of lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems for electric vehicles.

Key words: electric vehicle, lithium-ion traction battery, pack and system, electrical performance, standard interpretation

CLC Number:

TM 912.9

Pingjian NIU, Weijian HAO, Zhiyang SU, Shengkun SHI, Shaohui LIU. Interpretation and analysis of GB/T 31467—2023: Electrical performance test methods for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems in electric vehicles[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(10): 3672-3679.

Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Table 2

Comparison of standard test items"

序号	项目	技术条件	GB/T 31467—2023		ISO 12405-4:2018		GB/T 31467.1—2015	GB/T 31467.2—2015
序号	项目	技术条件	高功率型	高能量型	高功率型	高能量型	高功率型	高能量型
1	预处理循环	充放电机制	以不小于1 C的电流或制造商推荐的充电方法充电、制造商规定的且不小于1 C的电流放电	以不小于1/3 C的电流或制造商推荐的充电方法充电、制造商规定的且不小于1 /3 C的电流放电	2 C或制造商规定的放电机制放电、制造商规定的充电机制充电	1/3 C或制造商规定的放电机制放电、制造商规定的充电机制充电	1 C或制造商推荐充电机制充电、2 C或制造商推荐放电机制放电	1 C或制造商推荐充电机制充电、1 C或制造商推荐放电机制放电
		循环次数	5次	5次	5次或协商减少次数	3次或协商为2次	5次	5次
		预处理完成要求	连续两次放电容量变化不高于额定容量的3%可中止	连续两次放电容量变化不高于额定容量的3%可中止	连续两次放电容量变化不高于额定容量的3%可中止	连续两次放电容量变化不高于额定容量的3%可中止	连续两次放电容量变化不高于额定容量的3%可中止	连续两次放电容量变化不高于额定容量的3%可中止

序号	项目	技术条件	GB/T 31467—2023		ISO 12405-4:2018		GB/T 31467.1—2015	GB/T 31467.2—2015
序号	项目	技术条件	高功率型	高能量型	高功率型	高能量型	高功率型	高能量型
2	标准循环	充放电机制	以制造商规定的且不小于1 C的电流放电、不小于1 C的电流或制造商推荐的充电方法充电	以制造商规定的且不小于1/3 C的电流放电、不小于1/3 C的电流或制造商推荐的充电方法充电	1 C或制造商推荐放电机制放电、制造商推荐充电机制充电	1/3 C或制造商推荐放电机制放电、1/3 C或制造商推荐充电机制充电	1 C或制造商推荐放电机制放电、1 C或制造商推荐充电机制充电	1 C或制造商推荐放电机制放电、1 C或制造商推荐充电机制充电
2	标准循环	重新测试时间间隔	大于24 h需进行标准充电	大于24 h需进行标准充电	大于3 h需进行标准循环	大于3 h需进行标准循环	大于24 h需进行标准充电	大于24 h需进行标准充电

3	容量和能量	室温下放电电流	1 C、I_max(T)	1/3 C、I_max(T)	1 C、10 C、I_d,max	1/3 C、1 C、2 C(＜I_d,max)、I_d,max	1 C、I_max(T)	1 C、I_max(T)
		高温(40 ℃)下放电电流	1 C、I_max(T)	1/3 C、I_max(T)	1 C、10 C、I_d,max	1/3 C、1 C、2 C、I_d,max	1 C、I_max(T)	1 C、I_max(T)
		低温下放电电流	0 ℃、-20 ℃：1 C、I_max(T)	0 ℃、-20 ℃：1/3 C、I_max(T)	0 ℃：1 C、10 C、I_d,max -18 ℃：1 C、10 C、I_d,max	0 ℃：1/3 C、1 C、2 C、I_d,max -10 ℃：1/3 C、1 C、2 C、I_d,max-18 ℃：1/3 C、1 C、2 C、I_d,max T_min(非必选，-40 ℃≤T_min≤-20 ℃)：1/3 C、1 C、2 C、I_d,max	0 ℃、-20 ℃：1 C、I_max(T)	0 ℃、-20 ℃：1/3 C、1 C、I_max(T)

4	功率和内阻	测试温度	40 ℃、室温、0 ℃、-20 ℃	40 ℃、室温、0 ℃、-20 ℃	40 ℃、室温、0 ℃、-10 ℃、-18 ℃	40 ℃、室温、0 ℃、-10 ℃、-18 ℃、-25 ℃	40 ℃、室温、0 ℃、-20 ℃	40 ℃、室温、0 ℃、-20 ℃
		测试SOC	80%或制造商最高允许状态、50%，20%或制造商最低允许状态	90%或制造商最高允许状态，50%、20%或制造商最低允许状态	85%、65%、50%、35%、20%，20%SOC仅电池包或电池系统最大放电电流≤10 C时执行	90%、70%、50%、35%、20%，20%SOC仅电池包或电池系统最大放电电流≤5 C时执行	80%或制造商最高允许状态，50%、20%或制造商最低允许状态	90%或制造商最高允许状态，50%、20%或制造商最低允许状态
		脉冲电流	I'_max(SOC,T,t)放电18 s，0.75I'_max(SOC,T,t)充电10 s，间隔40 s	I'_max(SOC,T,t)放电18 s，0.75I'_max(SOC,T,t)放电102 s，间隔40 s；0.75I'_max(SOC,T,t)充电20 s，间隔40 s	I_dp,max放电18 s，0.75I_dp,max充电10 s，间隔40 s	I_dp,max放电18 s，0.75I_dp,max放电102 s，间隔40 s；0.75I_dp,max充电20 s，间隔40 s	I'_max(SOC,T,t) 放电18 s，0.75I'_max(SOC,T,t)充电10 s，间隔40 s	I'_max(SOC,T,t)放电18 s，0.75I'_max(SOC,T,t)放电102 s，间隔40 s；0.75I'_max(SOC,T,t)充电20 s，间隔40 s
		功率与内阻计算	0.1 s，2 s，10 s，(18 s)充(放)电内阻/功率，全过程充、放电内阻，开路电压	0.1 s，2 s，(5 s)，10 s，18 s，18.1 s，…，120 s充(放)电内阻/功率，全过程充、放电内阻，开路电压	0.1 s，2 s，10 s，(18 s)充(放)电内阻/功率，全过程充电内阻，开路电压	0.1 s，2 s，(5 s)，10 s，18 s，18.1 s，…，120 s充(放)电内阻/功率、全过程放电内阻，开路电压	0.1 s，2 s，10 s，(18 s)充(放)电内阻/功率，全过程充、放电内阻，开路电压	0.1 s，2 s，(5 s)，10 s，18 s，18.1 s，…，120 s充(放)电内阻/功率，全过程充、放电内阻，开路电压
序号	项目	技术条件	GB/T 31467—2023		ISO 12405-4:2018		GB/T 31467.1—2015	GB/T 31467.2—2015
序号	项目	技术条件	高功率型	高能量型	高功率型	高能量型	高功率型	高能量型
5	无负载容量损失	SOC	100%	100%	80%	100%	100%	100%
		测试温度	室温、45 ℃(或更高)	室温、45 ℃(或更高)	室温、40 ℃(或更高)	室温、40 ℃(或更高)	室温、40 ℃	室温、40 ℃
		搁置时间	7 d、30 d	7 d、30 d	1 d、7 d、30 d	2 d、7 d、30 d	7 d、30 d	7 d、30 d

6	存储中容量损失	SOC调整	以1 C放电至50%SOC(或商定)	以1/3 C 放电至50%SOC(或商定)	以1 C放电至50% SOC或更高SOC(商定)	以1/3 C放电至50%SOC或更高SOC(商定)	以1 C放电调整至50%SOC(或商定)	以1 C放电调整至50%SOC(或商定)
		存储温度	45 ℃	45 ℃	45 ℃	45 ℃	45 ℃	45 ℃
		存储周期	30 d	30 d	30 d	30 d	30 d	30 d

7	高低温启动功率	测试温度	-20 ℃或T_min、45 ℃或T_max	—	-18 ℃或 -30 ℃(商定)、50 ℃或供应商规定的最高温度	—	-20 ℃、40 ℃	—
7	高低温启动功率	SOC调整	以1 C放电调整SOC至20%或制造商允许最低状态	—	以1 C放电调整SOC至20%或制造商允许最低状态	—	以1 C放电调整SOC至20%或制造商允许最低状态	—

8	能量效率	测试温度	40 ℃、室温、0 ℃	室温、0 ℃	40 ℃、室温、0 ℃	室温、0 ℃、T_min	40 ℃、室温、0 ℃、-20 ℃	室温、0 ℃、T_min
		SOC	65%、50%、35%	—	65%、50%、35%	—	65%、50%、35%	—
		能量效率工况	I'_max(SOC,T,t)放电12 s，静置40 s；0.75I'_max(SOC,T,t)充电16 s，静置40 s	室温：1 C充电、I_max(T)快充，标准放电 0 ℃：I_max(T)快充，标准放电	20 C或I_dp,max放电12 s，静置40 s；15 C或0.75I_dp,max充电16 s	室温、0 ℃：标准放电，1 C、2 C、I_c,max充电T_min：标准放电，I_c,max充电	20 C或I'_max(SOC,T,t)(两者取大)放电12 s，静置40 s；15 C或0.75I'_max(SOC,T,t)(两者取大)充电16 s	标准放电，1 C、I_max(T)充电

Table 2

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试验项目	GB/T 31467—2023		ISO 12405-4:2018		GB/T 31467.1—2015	GB/T 31467.2—2015
试验项目	高功率型	高能量型	高功率型	高能量型	GB/T 31467.1—2015	GB/T 31467.2—2015
预处理循环	▲●		▲●		▲●	▲●
标准循环	▲●		▲●		▲●	▲●
外观	▲●		—		—
极性	▲●		—		—
质量和外形尺寸	▲●		—		—
容量和能量测试	▲●		▲●		▲●	▲●
功率和内阻	▲●		▲●		▲●	▲●
无负载容量损失	●		●		●	●
存储中容量损失	●		●		●	●

高低温启动功率	●	—	●	—	●	—

能量效率	●		●	●	●	●
能量密度	▲●		—		—	—
充电性能	●		—		—	—
工况放电	●		—		—	—

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