Research progress and key technologies in vertical gravity energy storage systems

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0789

Abstract

Abstract:

Gravity energy storage technology, which relies on solid weights, is expected to become an important energy storage solution in the water-scarce areas of north and northwest China. Its independence from water, high efficiency, and flexible location make it ideally suited to meet the demand for energy storage technology in the large-scale renewable energy power grids. However, the nonfluidity and discontinuity of solid weights present challenges. The start/stop and load/unload processes involving these weights can impact both the mechanical transmission and power grid system, an important consideration in solid gravity energy storage. This paper introduces the research development and demonstration projects related to vertical gravity energy storage technology, based on vertical shafts and ground buildings, both domestically and internationally. It further explores the mechanical transmission technology of vertical lifting, horizontal transfer, automatic joint, generator/motor, and grid-connected control technology. Finally, this paper discusses the future development trends of vertical gravity energy storage technology. The research shows that although many technical schemes have been proposed for the vertical gravity energy storage system, there are still many problems to address. These include the rapid lifting and transfer, process control of start/stop and load/unload of heavy loads, grid-connected control, and energy efficiency improvement. As construction costs decrease, efficiency improves, and lifespan extends, the gravity energy storage system is expected to see commercially application in the future.

Key words: gravity energy storage, vertical lifting, mechanical transmission, motor generator, grid-connected control

CLC Number:

TK 02

Qingquan QIU, Xiaoyue LUO, Yuxin LIN, Qingshan WANG, Yan LI, Zipan NIE, Jingye ZHANG, Liye XIAO. Research progress and key technologies in vertical gravity energy storage systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(3): 934-945.

Figures/Tables 19

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研发单位	研究方案	研发状态
英国Fraenkel Weight公司	卷扬提升机+单重物	2013年提出构想
英国Gravitricity公司	多卷扬提升机+单/多重物+门式码垛机	2020年提出构想；2021年完成250 kW样机测试
中国科学院电工研究所	卷扬提升机+多重物+轨道平车转载机	2021年提出构想；2022年完成10 kW样机测试
中煤能源研究院	卷扬提升机+多重物	2017年提出构想
葛洲坝中科储能技术有限公司	卷扬提升机+单重物	2018年提出构想

研发单位	研究方案	研发状态
瑞士EV 公司	多臂塔式提升机+多重物堆叠	2021年完成4 MW/35 MWh样机建造和测试
中国天楹/EV公司	地面构筑物+电梯+多重物	2022年启动25 MW/100 MWh样机建设
中国科学院电工研究所	山体陡坡+高墩桥梁/竖井隧道+电梯+多重物	2021年提出15 MW/60 MWh样机方案

项目	永磁同步电机	电励磁同步电机	双馈异步电机	笼型异步电机
并网方式	变流器并网	直接并网	直接并网	直接并网
功率调节	灵活	差	较灵活	差
功率因数	高	中	中	低
成本	较高	中	中	低
循环效率	高	中	中	低
惯量支撑	较好	好	差	差

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