Transient overvoltage protection design and circuit development for energy storage lithium-ion battery modules

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0225

Abstract

Abstract:

Transient overvoltages in power systems can cause voltage fluctuations and affect the safe and stable operation of electrochemical energy storage stations during grid integration. Research on fire incidents involving electrochemical energy storage systems has revealed inadequate transient overvoltage protection capabilities for lithium-ion battery modules. This study proposes a transient overvoltage protection circuit design for energy storage lithium-ion battery modules by examining the performance of passive overvoltage surge protection devices. Furthermore, this study involves device selection, coordination design, and experimental testing to develop a multi-level step-down and cascaded voltage regulation self-breaking function for a battery module overvoltage protection circuit. Results indicate that for a 12 V lithium-ion battery module, the designed protection circuit gradually limits the voltage and dissipates energy under common- and differential-mode inputs with peak values of 500 V, 1 kV, 2 kV, and 4 kV and a waveform of 1.2/50 μs impulse overvoltage. The circuit suppressed the voltage amplitude at the input battery module ports up to 15.2—26.4 V. Steady-state DC overvoltage testing showed that the module voltage stabilized to 12 V when the port voltage was below 26.5 V. When the port voltage exceeded 26.5 V, the cut-off function isolated the lithium-ion battery module. This study contributes to the realization of effective transient overvoltage suppression and steady-state DC overvoltage breaking and stabilization functions for lithium-ion battery modules.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, transient overvoltage, common mode, differential mode, protection circuit

CLC Number:

TM 86

Siyuan SHEN, Yakun LIU, Donghuang LUO, Yujun LI, Wei HAO. Transient overvoltage protection design and circuit development for energy storage lithium-ion battery modules[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(9): 3277-3286.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Table 2

References 18

1	IM D H, CHUNG J B. Social construction of fire accidents in battery energy storage systems in Korea[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2023, 71: 108192. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2023.108192.
2	曹文炅, 雷博, 史尤杰, 等. 韩国锂离子电池储能电站安全事故的分析及思考[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(5): 1539-1547. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0127.
	CAO W J, LEI B, SHI Y J, et al. Ponderation over the recent safety accidents of lithium-ion battery energy storage stations in South Korea[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(5): 1539-1547. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0127.
3	CHOMBO P V, LAOONUAL Y. A review of safety strategies of a Li-ion battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 478: 228649. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228649.
4	QIU Y S, JIANG F M. A review on passive and active strategies of enhancing the safety of lithium-ion batteries[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2022, 184: 122288. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.122288.
5	曾嵘, 周旋, 王泽众, 等. 国际防雷研究进展及前沿述评[J]. 高电压技术, 2015, 41(1): 1-13. DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.2015.01.001.
	ZENG R, ZHOU X, WANG Z Z, et al. Review of research advances and fronts on international lightning and protection[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(1): 1-13. DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.2015.01.001.
6	GU Y J, DU Z H, YANG W B. The full current model of MOV modeling with PSPICE[C]//Fifth International Conference on Machine Vision (ICMV 2012): Algorithms, Pattern Recognition, and Basic Technologies. Wuhan, China. SPIE, 2013: 8784- 87842. DOI: 10.1117/12.2021219.
7	RUAN X F, JIN S Y, WEN W G, et al. The study on life model of MOV based on various parameters and surge history[J]. Soft Computing, 2022, 26(16): 7595-7600. DOI: 10.1007/s00500-021-06612-5.
8	马海杰, 路彤, 孙建浩. GDT与MOV的动态特性研究[J]. 中国测试, 2021, 47(4): 144-151. DOI: 10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2020070050.
	MA H J, LU T, SUN J H. Research on the dynamic characteristics of GDT and MOV[J]. China Measurement & Test, 2021, 47(4): 144-151. DOI: 10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2020070050.
9	张栋, 傅正财, 赵刚, 等. 低压配电系统中浪涌保护器配合机理[J]. 电工技术学报, 2009, 24(7): 145-149, 163. DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.2009.07.024.
	ZHANG D, FU Z C, ZHAO G, et al. The coordination mechanism of cascaded SPDs in low voltage distribution systems[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2009, 24(7): 145-149, 163. DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.2009.07.024.
10	孙自胜, 谭涌波, 冯民学. 串行通信中RS422接口浪涌保护器的设计与研究[J]. 电瓷避雷器, 2013(3): 36-41. DOI: 10.16188/j.isa.1003-8337.2013.03.020.
	SUN Z S, TAN Y B, FENG M X. Research and design of surge protective device for serial communication RS422 date interface[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters, 2013(3): 36-41. DOI: 10.16188/j.isa.1003-8337.2013.03.020.
11	李相俊, 王上行, 惠东. 电池储能系统运行控制与应用方法综述及展望[J]. 电网技术, 2017, 41(10): 3315-3325. DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2017.1579.
	LI X J, WANG S X, HUI D. Summary and prospect of operation control and application method for battery energy storage systems[J]. Power System Technology, 2017, 41(10): 3315-3325. DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2017.1579.
12	SAMARAS K, SANDBERG C, SALMAS C J, et al. Electrical surge-protection devices for industrial facilities—a tutorial review[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2007, 43(1): 150-161. DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2006.886994.
13	国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 电磁兼容试验和测量技术浪涌(冲击)抗扰度试验: GB/T 17626.5—2008[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.
	General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Electromagnetic compatibility-Testing and measurement techniques-Surge immunity test: GB/T 17626.5—2008[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008.
14	王海文. 动力电池管理系统故障诊断分析[J]. 汽车与新动力, 2023, 6(3): 79-82. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-4870.2023.03.021.
	WANG H W. Fault diagnosis and analysis of power battery management system[J]. Automobile and New Powertrain, 2023, 6(3): 79-82. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-4870.2023.03.021.
15	马文宁. 小功率直流电磁继电器反向尖峰电压保护电路分析[J]. 现代导航, 2022, 13(5): 387-390. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7976.2022.05.015.
	MA W N. Analysis of reverse peak voltage protection circuit for low DC electromagnetic relay[J]. Modern Navigation, 2022, 13(5): 387-390. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7976.2022.05.015.
16	兰孟华, 韩萍. 集成电路与系统浪涌防护水平的关联性研究[C]//第27届全国电磁兼容学术会议论文集. 贵阳, 2021: 291-294. DOI: 10.26914/c.cnkihy.2021.056536.
17	CEKDIN C, NAWAWI Z, FAIZAL M. An effort to reduce voltage from DC to DC converter with a monolithic circuit based on IC LM 2596[J]. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 2019, 16(12): 5162-5165. DOI: 10.1166/jctn.2019.8579.
18	柳长发, 付立衡, 张增丽, 等. 高比例光伏接入的分布式储能容量自适应协调控制方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(8): 2696-2703.
	LIU C F, FU L H, ZHANG Z L, et al. Adaptive coordinated control method for distributed energy storage capacity with high proportion of photovoltaic access [J]. Energy storage, Science and Technology, 2024, 13(8): 2696-2703.

项目	气体放电管	压敏电阻	瞬态抑制二极管
浪涌通流能力(以8/20 μs为例)	高(1~100 kA)	高(0.1~70 kA)	中(0.1~15 kA)
响应速度	慢(约100 ns)	快(约25 ns)	极快(1 ps)
寄生电容	小(约1 pF)	大(约1 nF)	中(约0.1 nF)
钳位电压	高	中	低
泄漏电流	无	低	低
续流问题	有	无	无

序号	输入/V	输出/V	序号	输入/V	输出/V	序号	输入/V	输出/V
1	12.5	11.97	13	18.5	12.00	25	24.5	12.00
2	13.0	11.97	14	19.0	12.00	26	25.0	12.00
3	13.5	11.97	15	19.5	12.00	27	25.5	12.00
4	14.0	11.97	16	20.0	12.00	28	26.0	12.00
5	14.5	11.97	17	20.5	12.00	29	26.5	0
6	15.0	11.97	18	21.0	12.00	30	27.0	0
7	15.5	11.97	19	21.5	12.00	31	27.5	0
8	16.0	11.99	20	22.0	12.00	32	28.0	0
9	16.5	11.99	21	22.5	12.00	33	28.5	0
10	17.0	11.99	22	23.0	12.00	34	29.0	0
11	17.5	11.99	23	23.5	12.00	35	29.5	0
12	18.0	12.00	24	24.0	12.00	36	30.0	0

[1]	Zhonglin SUN, Jiabo LI, Di TIAN, Zhixuan WANG, Xiaojing XING. Useful life prediction for lithium-ion batteries based on COA-LSTM and VMD [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(9): 3254-3265.
[2]	Jizhong LU, Simin PENG, Xiaoyu LI. State-of-health estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on multifeature analysis and LSTM-XGBoost model [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(9): 2972-2982.
[3]	Xuefeng HU, Xianlei CHANG, Xiaoxiao LIU, Wei XU, Wenbin ZHANG. SOC estimation of lithium-ion batteries under multiple temperatures conditions based on MIARUKF algorithm [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(9): 2983-2994.
[4]	Yuan CHEN, Siyuan ZHANG, Yujing CAI, Xiaohe HUANG, Yanzhong LIU. State-of-health estimation of lithium batteries based on polynomial feature extension of the CNN-transformer model [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(9): 2995-3005.
[5]	Ruihe XING, Suting WENG, Yejing LI, Jiayi ZHANG, Hao ZHANG, Xuefeng WANG. AI-assisted battery material characterization and data analysis [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(9): 2839-2863.
[6]	Hongsheng GUAN, Cheng QIAN, Bo SUN, Yi REN. Predicting capacity degradation trajectory for lithium-ion batteries under limited data conditions [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(9): 3084-3093.
[7]	Xue KE, Huawei HONG, Peng ZHENG, Zhicheng LI, Peixiao FAN, Jun YANG, Yuzheng GUO, Chunguang KUAI. Estimating lithium-ion battery health using automatic feature extraction and channel attention mechanisms for multi-timescale modeling [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(9): 3059-3071.
[8]	Chengwen TIAN, Bingxiang SUN, Xinze ZHAO, Zhicheng FU, Shichang MA, Bo ZHAO, Xubo ZHANG. Accelerated life prediction of lithium-ion batteries using data-driven approaches [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(9): 3103-3111.
[9]	Qingbo LI, Maohui ZHANG, Ying LUO, Taolin LYU, Jingying XIE. Lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation based on equivalent circuit model [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(9): 3072-3083.
[10]	Bingxiang SUN, Xin YANG, Xingzhen ZHOU, Shichang MA, Zhihao WANG, Weige ZHANG. Comparative parametric study of metaheuristics based on impedance modeling for lithium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(9): 2952-2962.
[11]	Yufeng HUANG, Huanchao LIANG, Lei XU. Kalman filter optimize Transformer method for state of health prediction on lithium-ion battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(8): 2791-2802.
[12]	Zheng CHEN, Bo YANG, Zhigang ZHAO, Jiangwei SHEN, Renxin XIAO, Xuelei XIA. State of charge estimation considering lithium battery temperature and aging [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(8): 2813-2822.
[13]	Guohe CHEN, Peizhao LYU, Menghan LI, Zhonghao RAO. Research progress on thermal runaway propagation characteristics of lithium-ion batteries and its inhibiting strategies [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(7): 2470-2482.
[14]	Chengxin LIU, Ziheng LI, Zeyu CHEN, Pengxiang LI, Qingyi TAO. Characterization study on overheat-induced thermal runaway for lithium-ion battery in energy storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(7): 2425-2431.
[15]	Shijie LIAO, Ying WEI, Yunhui HUANG, Renzong HU, Henghui XU. 1，3-Difluorobenzene diluent-stabilizing electrode interface for high-performance low-temperature lithium metal batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(7): 2124-2130.