Simulation analysis and verification research on the hybrid-gfm energy storage system with “lithium batteries + supercapacitors”

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0359

Abstract

Abstract:

Fully combine the technical and economic characteristics of lithium batteries, such as high energy density, long discharge time, short cycle life, low economic cost, and poor safety, with the technical and economic characteristics of supercapacitors, including high power density, short discharge time, long cycle life, high economic cost, and good safety. Complement each other's advantages to form a hybrid energy storage system consisting of lithium batteries and supercapacitors, and configure a grid-forming converter to establish a hybrid grid-forming energy storage system with lithium batteries and supercapacitors. Based on the application scenarios of grid-forming energy storage, the grid-forming control scheme is clarified, and a hybrid energy storage power distribution scheme is explored, where lithium batteries are responsible for the power regulation requirements of low frequency and large capacity, and supercapacitors share the power regulation requirements of high frequency and small power. Moreover, simulation analysis and tests are carried out based on the simulation model of the grid-forming energy storage with new energy system in Matlab/Simulink and the first national hybrid grid-forming energy storage demonstration project. The results show that the "heterogeneous voltage sources" based on two different energy storage entities can be used in parallel, and the technical advantages of the two energy storage entities can be fully utilized to make up for the deficiencies of a single energy storage form. And the service life of the system can be extended based on the hybrid energy storage power distribution scheme. Improve the technical and economic performance of grid-forming energy storage stations throughout their entire life cycle. This research helps to promote the popularization and application of the hybrid grid-forming energy storage system with "lithium batteries + supercapacitors" in new energy stations and regions with weak grids, provides support for the power grid, increases the grid-connected power generation of new energy, and promotes the construction of a new power system and energy transformation.

Key words: hybrid energy storage, grid-forming energy storage, active support, new energy power generation

CLC Number:

TM 715

Jingjia LIU, Xinkai SU, Lulu ZHAO, Yanqiao CHEN, Yi JIN. Simulation analysis and verification research on the hybrid-gfm energy storage system with “lithium batteries + supercapacitors”[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(7): 2675-2688.

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