Optimized operation of hybrid energy storage to enhance the performance of AGC with sloped gravity storage

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0211

Abstract

Abstract:

Gravity energy storage has the advantages of high security, low cost, long life, no decay of stored energy, short construction cycle, and environmental friendliness, and it has broad application prospects in long-time large-capacity energy storage. However, the inherent power discrete and time lag characteristics of gravity energy storage lead to its poor performance when used in grid auxiliary services such as automatic generation control (AGC). To address this problem, this study proposes a hybrid energy storage optimization operation method to enhance the performance of ramp-type gravity energy storage AGC. First, the effects of power discrete and time lag characteristics of a ramped gravity energy storage on the tracking accuracy and speed of AGC commands are analyzed. Consequently, the configuration of the battery energy storage for gravity energy storage is proposed to construct a hybrid energy storage system and realize continuous and fast regulation of output power. The power optimization model of the hybrid energy storage system was established by considering the depreciation cost of the battery and the cost of the AGC deviation power penalty and by combining the safe operation requirements of gravity energy storage and the operation constraints of the battery energy storage. According to the operating characteristics of the hybrid energy storage system, a process framework for the optimization operation method was proposed, and a genetic algorithm for minimizing the AGC response cost was designed. The simulation results show that the optimized operation method proposed in this paper can significantly reduce the AGC response cost, thus solving the problem of poor AGC performance in ramped gravity energy storage systems.

Key words: gravity energy storage, hybrid energy storage, AGC response, optimized operation methods

CLC Number:

TK 02

Zheng LI, Julong CHEN, Wenlin LI, Yu ZHANG, Jierui YANG, Sizhe CHEN. Optimized operation of hybrid energy storage to enhance the performance of AGC with sloped gravity storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(8): 2761-2771.

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参数	数值	参数	数值
斜坡角度/(°)	30	质量块运行速度/(m/s)	2
斜坡质量块数量上限/块	5	斜坡长度/m	200
斜坡质量块数量下限/块	0	质量块安全间距/m	40
单个质量块质量/t	40	重力储能放电效率	0.9
重力储能额定功率/kW	1800	初始质量块数量/块	3

参数	数值	参数	数值
电池储能额定功率/kW	500	SOC上限	0.9
电池储能容量/kWh	100	SOC下限	0.1
单位容量价格/(元/kWh)	2000	SOC初始值	0.5
电池循环寿命/次	3000	电池充/放电效率	0.95

参数	数值
上惩罚阈值/%	106
下惩罚阈值/%	98
单位偏差电量惩罚成本/(元/kW)	0.022

时刻	斜坡起始区域	斜坡第二区域	斜坡第三区域	斜坡第四区域	斜坡末端区域	总个数
0 s	1	0	0	1	1	3
20 s	1	1	0	0	1	3
40 s	1	1	1	0	0	3
60 s	0	1	1	1	0	3
80 s	0	0	1	1	1	3
100 s	1	0	0	1	1	3
120 s	1	1	0	0	1	3
140 s	1	1	1	0	0	3
160 s	1	1	1	1	0	4
180 s	0	1	1	1	1	4
200 s	1	0	1	1	1	4
220 s	1	1	0	1	1	4
240 s	1	1	1	0	1	4

时刻	斜坡起始区域	斜坡第二区域	斜坡第三区域	斜坡第四区域	斜坡末端区域	总个数
0 s	1	0	0	1	1	3
20 s	1	1	0	0	1	3
40 s	1	1	1	0	0	3
60 s	0	1	1	1	0	3
80 s	0	0	1	1	1	3
100 s	0	0	0	1	1	2
120 s	1	0	0	0	1	2
140 s	1	1	0	0	0	2
160 s	1	1	1	0	0	3
180 s	0	1	1	1	0	3
200 s	1	0	1	1	1	4
220 s	1	1	0	1	1	4
240 s	1	1	1	0	1	4