Current studies of anode materials for potassium-ion battery

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2019.0179

Abstract

Abstract:

Potassium is abundant in nature and cheap. In electrochemical systems, potassium has a lower redox potential and faster ionic conductivity; thus, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are expected to be a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in the future. However, because K⁺ (1.38 ?) is considerably larger than Li⁺ (0.76 ?), huge volume expansion and structural damage can be observed after K⁺ intercalation into the electrode materials extensively used in LIBs. These electrodes do not meet the needs of practical applications. To address these issues, increasing number of electrode materials have been recently developed. In this study, current research on anode materials for PIBs is reviewed, with emphasis on the potassium intercalation mechanism and structure-performance relation of carbon-based materials (graphite, hard carbon, and soft carbon), titanium-based materials, alloys, conversion materials, and organic compounds. The advantages and main problems of these anode materials are discussed. Additionally, the two main potassium storage mechanisms (intercalation and pseudocapacitance) in carbon-based electrodes and their effects on electrochemical properties are emphasized. The pseudocapacitance mechanism occurring on the electrode surface appears to be suitable for the fast storage of K⁺, and methods for increasing the contribution of pseudocapacitive behavior are introduced in this study. Simultaneously, the research directions and application prospects of future developments in PIB systems are discussed.

Key words: potassium-ion battery, anode material, carbon-based material, alloys

CLC Number:

TM 912.9

ZHANG Hehe, SUN Dan, WANG Haiyan, TANG Yougen. Current studies of anode materials for potassium-ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(1): 25-39.

Figures/Tables 4

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