Research progress of lignin as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0275

Abstract

Abstract:

Lignin is an aromatic polymer with abundant reserves on Earth. It is rich in hydroxyl, carboxyl, ether, and other functional groups. The presence of these functional groups allows the selective modification of this complex compound. Lignin is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, which is inexpensive and has a wide range of sources. The porous lignin-based carbon prepared by a simple and mild chemical activation has become a research hotspot in the fields of environmental purification, electrocatalysis, and energy storage, especially as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. This review briefly introduces the energy storage mechanism and the characteristics of lithium-ion batteries and summarizes the mechanism, preparation methods, and research status of lignin in the anode materials of lithium-ion batteries. The anode materials are divided into lignin-based layered porous carbon, carbon microsphere, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, and other composites. The application of lignin to a lithium-sulfur battery is also investigated. Finally, the existing problems faced by lignin used as the electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries are put forward, and future work is prospected.

Key words: lignin, lithium-ion battery, anode material, battery separator, adhesive, cathode additive

CLC Number:

O 636.2

Penghui LI, Caiwen WU, Jianpeng REN, Wenjuan WU. Research progress of lignin as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 66-77.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

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Table 1

Research progress of lignin anode in lithium-ion batteries"

材料	合成方法	电化学性能	参考文献
木质素基多孔碳	酶水解木质素碳酸钾活化	电流密度200 mA/g，循环200次，容量520 mA·h/g	[12]
木质素基多孔碳	氢氧化钾活化衍生分层多孔碳	电流密度200 mA/g，循环400次，容量470 mA·h/g	[17]
木质素基多孔碳	稻壳木质素多孔碳负载氧化锌粒子	电流密度200 mA/g，循环110次，容量898 mA·h/g	[18]
木质素基多孔碳	氯化锌活化，500 ℃(一步法)煅烧	电流密度200 mA/g，循环100次，容量469 mA·h/g	[19]
木质素基碳微球	酸性条件，900 ℃下碳化	电流密度20 mA/g，循环100次，容量180 mA·h/g	[21]
木质素基碳微球	造纸黑液木质素，高温煅烧合成	电流密度1000 mA/g，循环50次，容量558 mA·h/g	[22]
木质素基碳微球	木质素磺酸钠水热法合成	电流密度260 mA/g，循环100次，容量389 mA·h/g	[23]
木质素含氮碳纳米球	2-乙基苯胺与木质素磺酸盐原位聚合	电流密度100 mA/g，循环20次，容量353 mA·h/g	[24]
硅/碳中空微球	切缝损失硅和木质素喷雾干燥	电流密度200 mA/g，循环100次，容量843 mA·h/g	[25]
碳纳米纤维	木质素和聚乳酸或聚氨酯静电纺丝和碳化	电流密度136 mA/g，循环500次，容量611 mA·h/g	[28]
碳纳米纤维	木质素和聚乙烯醇静电纺丝，碳化，氧化铁纳米粒子表面功能化	电流密度50 mA/g，循环80次，容量715 mA·h/g	[29]
碳纳米纤维	木质素-聚环氧乙烷共混物通过静电纺丝、碳化和尿素热退火	电流密度30 mA/g，循环50次，容量576 mA·h/g	[30]
碳纳米纤维	纯熔纺木质素的氧化稳定化和碳化	电流密度200 mA/g，循环5次，容量335 mA·h/g	[31]
碳纳米纤维	木质素使用加工技术和热转化方法纤维碳电极材料	电流密度360 mA/g，循环70次，容量350 mA·h/g	[32]
木质素和碳纳米管复合	疏水自组装工艺制备，碳化	电流密度200 mA/g，循环300次，容量614 mA·h/g	[14]
木质素与二氧化锰复合	离子液体活化硫酸盐木质素，负载二氧化锰	电流密度50 mA/g，循环20次，容量610 mA·h/g	[33]
二氧化硅/多孔木质素碳复合	水热反应制二氧化硅/多孔木质素碳复合物，碳化	电流密度100 mA/g，循环100次，容量820 mA·h/g	[34]
二氧化硅/多孔木质素碳复合	静电诱导自组装和双模板法合成木质素衍生多孔碳包封的SiO₂	电流密度100 mA/g，循环100次，容量1109 mA·h/g	[35]
硅负载碳材料	碱木质素或其碳涂层合成偶氮聚合物氮掺杂碳包覆	电流密度200 mA/g，循环150次，容量882 mA·h/g	[36]
碳/硅复合纤维	熔融加工碳/硅复合纤维，原位涂覆的稳定硅颗粒	电流密度200 mA/g，循环20次，容量超过600 mA·h/g	[37]
木质素/二氧化硅复合	稻壳木质素，碱提酸沉，碳化、镁热还原改性	电流密度1000 mA/g，循环1000次，容量572 mA·h/g	[38]
木质素/氧化锌复合	酶解木质素与乙酸锌碱性条件水热法合成，碳化和酸洗	电流密度200 mA/g，循环200次，容量705 mA·h/g	[39]
软木衍生的生物石墨	在相对较低的温度下将生物材料转化结晶石墨	电流密度200 mA/g，循环100次，容量将近300 mA·h/g	[41]
预锂化木质素	酸碱反应，氢氧化锂处理木质素	电流密度500 mA/g，循环600次，容量135 mA·h/g	[42]

Table 1

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