Thermal runaway characteristics of LiFePO4 and ternary lithium batteries with external overheating

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0369

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in energy storage and electric vehicles, but there are risks of fire and explosion due to their flammability. This paper studied the thermal runaway characteristics of 40 A·h ternary lithium and 72 A·h LiFePO₄ batteries by external overheating at different positions. The experimental results showed that the LiFePO₄ battery does not ignite under the external overheating condition, but the ternary lithium battery ignited and sprayed spontaneously. The side heating can enter the thermal runaway faster than the bottom heating. From the heat transfer analysis, the heat conduction per unit heating area required for 40 A·h ternary lithium battery thermal runaway is 1650—3788.76 kJ/m². The heat conduction per unit heating area of 72 A·h LiFePO₄ battery is 3264.84—7856.67 kJ/m². In addition, the combustion spread characteristics of the battery pack were studied, taking a 720 A·h LiFePO₄ battery pack as the research object. The experimental results showed that if the heat source is in place till, after the external ignition, it spreads to the nearby battery and continues to spray. The heat transfer value of 39.7—43 kJ between the adjacent batteries is obtained from the heat transfer analysis. The results of this study can provide theoretical guidance for fire risk assessment of energy storage power stations and lithium battery fire protection.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, external overheating, thermal runaway, heat transfer analysis, combustion spread characteristics

CLC Number:

TM 911.3

Hongzhang ZHU, Chuanping WU, Tiannian ZHOU, Jie DENG. Thermal runaway characteristics of LiFePO₄ and ternary lithium batteries with external overheating[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 201-210.

Figures/Tables 17

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序号	电池类型	电池数量	容量/(A·h)	加热功率/W	加热方式
#1	三元锂	1	40	1000	侧面
#2	三元锂	1	40	1000	底部
#3	磷酸铁锂	1	72	1000	侧面
#4	磷酸铁锂	1	72	1000	底部
#5	磷酸铁锂组	10	720	2000	底部

序号	电池类型	第1个安全阀打开/s	引燃/s	第1次射流火焰/s	第2次射流火焰/s
#1	三元锂	711	744	1140	1175
#2	三元锂	1805	1855	1947	—
#3	磷酸铁锂	1302	—	—	—
#4	磷酸铁锂	3289	—	—	—
#5	磷酸铁锂组	3300	4060 (短路引燃)	4197	5146

序号	电池类型	安全阀打开中心点温度/℃	电池表面最高温度/℃	火焰最高温度/℃
#1	三元锂	160	410	—
#2	三元锂	165	620	—
#3	磷酸铁锂	130	135	—
#4	磷酸铁锂	131	185	—
#5	磷酸铁锂组	135	240	700

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Thermal runaway characteristics of LiFePO₄ and ternary lithium batteries with external overheating

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