Fire and gas explosion hazards of high-nickel lithium-ion battery

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0314

Abstract

Abstract:

High-nickel ternary lithium batteries for electric vehicles are being rapidly developed. However, under abuse conditions (e.g., heating, overcharging, and squeezing), they are more prone to serious fire and explosion accidents compared to other existing batteries because of their high energy density. Their promotion and application require more stringent safety tests. This study conducted a thermal runaway experiment to observe the fire process of an NCM811 battery at 0%, 50%, and 90% state of charge (SOC) and designed a lithium battery thermal runaway gas collection device to analyze the gas properties. The explosion properties of gas were also tested. The results show that the fire and explosion hazards of the NCM811 battery increase with the SOC increase. Accordingly, 90% of the SOC gas production reaches 124.21 mol; the flame temperature reaches 650 ℃; the overpressure in a 1 L container reaches 512 kPa; and the explosion limit is between 7% and 38%. The relevant safety measures that can prevent the thermal runaway of the surrounding batteries are recommended.

Key words: high-nickel ternary lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, gas explosion hazard

CLC Number:

Zhihui GUO, Xiaodan CUI, Linshuang ZHAO, Jiawei CHEN. Fire and gas explosion hazards of high-nickel lithium-ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 193-200.

Figures/Tables 11

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项	0% SOC	50% SOC	90% SOC
CO₂/%	38.2	33.42	28.74
H₂/%	25.4	24.5	21.18
CO/%	22.4	24.32	26.08
CH₄/%	6	5.84	8.78
C₂H₄/%	3.9	9.08	11.19
C₂H₆/%	1.6	0.51	1.36
C₃H₆/%	1.3	1.18	0.28
T_max/℃	234	452	667
P_max/Mpa	0.57	3.07	5.88
t/s	577	509	353
V/L	39.52	91.46	124.21

爆炸极限	实验值/%	H₂“消元”/%	误差/%	CO“消元”/%	误差/%
0% LEL	9.325	9.23	1.02	8.54	8.41
0% UEL	38.315	53.78	40.36	49.36	28.83
50% LEL	8.14	7.54	7.37	7.61	6.51
50% UEL	37.93	49.89	31.53	49.55	30.64
90% LEL	7.78	7.1	8.74	7.04	9.51
90% UEL	38.985	46.2	18.51	46.49	19.25

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