The dynamic simulation of pressure relief characteristics of the power battery vent based on choking flow

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0442

Abstract

Abstract:

As a passive safety measure to prevent the thermal runaway of the battery system, the vent plays a very essential role in cell design. After the cell has reached thermal runaway, the pressure relief procedure is significantly impacted by the opening pressure, area, and position of the vent. This paper mainly presents the pressure relief process of the vent opening caused by heat and gas production after the cell thermal runaway. Through theoretical calculation, experimental test and simulation analysis, the pressure relief features of the vent are systematically described and analyzed. First, the pressure relief process of the vent is examined theoretically based on the basic principles and equations of fluid mechanics, and the basic state of the pressure relief choke flow after the vent is opened in the process of thermal runaway is expounded; Second, by performing two kinds of experiments of heating thermal runaway and overcharging thermal runaway of the cell, the temperature of the jerry roll and the internal pressure of the cell were monitored in real time, to determine the heat and gas production rate before the vent was opened; Finally, a simulation of the cell's pressure relief, gas production, and heat output are performed. The system model for the vent's pressure relief is built using COMSOL, and impacting elements including the vent's opening pressure, area, and position are categorized and simulated. Additionally, the simulation results and test data from experiments are compared. A more optimized structure design of the vent is obtained, which provides a certain reference for the optimal design of the power battery.

Key words: the power battery, vent, choking flow, dynamic simulation, pressure relief characteristics

CLC Number:

TK 02

Yunjie LI, Guangyu ZHANG, Weiwen ZHU, Yuanyuan MIN, Chengfei RAO, Yanfei SUN, Qingqing XU. The dynamic simulation of pressure relief characteristics of the power battery vent based on choking flow[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(3): 960-967.

Figures/Tables 14

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