Behavior of sodium-ion battery electrolytes based on the co-solvents of polyfluorinated ether and organic carbonates

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0060

Abstract

Abstract:

Solvents are essential for the ionic conductivity and safety of the electrolytes for lithium/sodium ion batteries. Organic carbonates have been used as solvents in commercial lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries; however, their thermochemical stability needs to be improved. In this study, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (F-EPE) was first added to the basic electrolyte of NaPF₆/EC-DEC-FEC, which partially replaced DEC to form a co-solvent, and a new electrolyte with a different solvent ratio was prepared. The effects of co-solvent F-EPE on the flammability, conductivity, and electrochemical window of the prepared electrolyte were investigated. The prepared electrolyte was applied to study the electrochemical characteristics of NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ (NFM) cathode materials and to reveal the mechanism of the electrode–electrolyte interface. The influence of the electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of the battery was discussed, and the related interface mechanism was explained. A flammability test revealed that an increase in the content of F-EPE can improve the flame retardancy of the electrolyte and the safety of the corresponding battery. When the content of F-EPE reaches 30%, the electrolyte becomes nonflammable. An electrochemical window test revealed that F-EPE can improve the antioxidation ability and increase the decomposition voltage of the electrolyte. SEM, ICP, EIS, and XPS tests show that a battery with EDH532F has a more stable electrode interface and lower interface impedance compared to one with EC-DEC-FEC as the electrolyte. Thus, the cell with EDH532F has better cycling performance. Moreover, when the F-EPE content is 20%, the cycling performance of the cell is the best, and the capacity retention increases from 75.7% (EC-DEC-FEC) to 82.9% (EDH532F) after 150 cycles.

Key words: sodium-ion battery, polyfluorinated ether, electrolyte, non-flammable solvents

CLC Number:

TM 912

CHE Haiying, YU Yan, YANG Xinrong, LIAO Xiaozhen, LI Linsen, DENG Yonghong, MA Zifeng. Behavior of sodium-ion battery electrolytes based on the co-solvents of polyfluorinated ether and organic carbonates[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(2): 392-399.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

References 24

1	PAN H , HU Y S , CHEN L . Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries for large-scale electric energy storage[J]. Energy Environ. Sci., 2013, 6: 2338-2360.
2	王红, 廖小珍, 颉莹莹, 等 . 新型移动式钠离子电池储能系统设计与研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2016, 5(1): 65-68.
	WANG H , LIAO X Z , XIE Y Y , et al ., Design and investigation on portable energy storage device based on sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2016, 5(1): 65-68.
3	XIE Y , WANG H , XU G , et al . In operando XRD and TXM study on the metastable structure change of NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ under electrochemical sodium-ion intercalation[J]. Adv. Energy Mater., 2016, 6:1601306.
4	杨旸, 严小敏, 杨德志, 等 . 普鲁士蓝类钠离子电池正极材料研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2016, 5(3): 303-308.
	YANG Y , YAN X , YANG D , et al . Progress in prussian blue in sodium ion cathode material[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2016, 5(3): 303-308.
5	CHE H , CHEN S , XIE Y , et al . Electrolyte design strategies and research progress for room-temperature sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Environ. Sci., 2017, 10: 1075-1101.
6	PONROUCH A , MARCHANTE E , COURTY M , et al . In search of an optimized electrolyte for Na-ion batteries[J]. Energy Environ. Sci., 2012, 5: 8572-8583.
7	BHIDE A , HOFMANN J , DURR A K , et al . Electrochemical stability of non-aqueous electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries and their compatibility with Na_0.7CoO₂ [J]. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2014, 16: 1987-1998.
8	VIDAL-ABARCA C , LAVELA P , TIRADO J L , et al . Improving the cyclability of sodium-ion cathodes by selection of electrolyte solvent[J]. J. Power Sources, 2012, 197: 314-318.
9	CHE H , YANG X , WANG H , et al . Long cycle life of sodium-ion pouch cell achieved by using multiple electrolyte additives[J]. J. Power Sources, 2018, 407: 173-179.
10	MATSUMOTO K , HWANG J , KAUSHIK S , et al . Advances in sodium secondary batteries utilizing ionic liquid electrolytes[J]. Energy Environ. Sci., 2019, 12: 3247-3287.
11	WU F , ZHU N , BAI Y . Highly safe ionic liquid electrolytes for sodium-ion battery: wide electrochemical window and good thermal stability[J]. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter., 2016, 8: 21381-21386.
12	HASA I , PASSERINI S , HASSOUN J . Characteristics of an ionic liquid electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries[J]. J. Power Sources, 2016, 303: 203-207.
13	ZENG Z , JIANG X , LI R , et al . A safer sodium-ion battery based on nonflammable organic phosphate electrolyte[J]. Adv. Sci., 2016, 3: doi: 1600066.
14	WANG J , YAMADA Y , SODEYAMA K , et al . Fire-extinguishing organic electrolytes for safe batteries[J]. Nature Energy, 2018, 3: 22-29.
15	YU Y , CHE H , YANG X , et al . Non-flammable organic electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Electrochem. Commun., 2020, 110： 106635.
16	FENG J , AN J , CI L, et al . Nonflammable electrolyte for safer non-aqueous sodium batteries[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3: 14539.
17	LIU Y , FANG S , SHI P , et al . Ternary mixtures of nitrile-functionalized glyme, non-flammable hydrofluoroether and fluoroethylene carbonate as safe electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries[J]. J. Power Sources, 2016, 331: 445-451.
18	SHI P , FANG S , LUO D , et al . A safe electrolyte based on propylene carbonate and non-flammable hydrofluoroether for high-performance lithium ion batteries[J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2017, 164(9): A1991-A1999.
19	LUO Y , LU T , ZHANG Y , et al . Enhanced electrochemical performance of LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ cathode using an electrolyte with 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane[J]. J. Power Sources, 2016, 323: 134-141.
20	SHI P , ZHENG H , LIANG X , et al . A highly concentrated phosphate-based electrolyte for high-safety rechargeable lithium batteries[J]. Chem. Commun., 2018, 54: 4453-4456.
21	XU K , DING M S , ZHANG S , et al . An attempt to formulate nonflammable lithium ion electrolytes with alkyl phosphates and phosphazenes[J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2002, 149(5): A622-A626.
22	GEBRESILASSIE E G , THOMAS D , MARAL H , et al . Impact of the electrolyte salt anion on the solid electrolyte interphase formation in sodium ion batteries[J]. Nano Energy, 2019, 55: 327-340.
23	CHE H , LIU J , WANG H , et al . Rubidium and cesium ions as electrolyte additive for improving performance of hard carbon anode in sodium-ion battery[J]. Electrochem Commun., 2017, 83: 20-23.
24	MU L , FENG X , KOU R , et al . Deciphering the cathode-electrolyte interfacial chemistry in sodium layered cathode materials[J]. Adv. Energy Mater., 2018, 8: doi: 1801975.

序号	盐	EC：DEC：F-EPE（体积比）	添加剂（质量分数）	标注
1	1 mol/L NaPF₆	5：5：0	2% FEC（5种电解液均有）	EC-DEC-FEC
2		5：4：1		EDH541F
3		5：3：2		EDH532F
4		5：2：3		EDH523F
5		5：1：4		EDH514F

[1]	Xiongwen XU, Yang NIE, Jian TU, Zheng XU, Jian XIE, Xinbing ZHAO. Abuse performance of pouch-type Na-ion batteries based on Prussian blue cathode [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2030-2039.
[2]	Yingwei PEI, Hong ZHANG, Xinghui WANG. Recent advances in the electrolytes of rechargeable zinc-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2075-2082.
[3]	Sida HUO, Wendong XUE, Xinli LI, Yong LI. Visualization analysis of composite electrolytes for lithium battery based on CiteSpace [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2103-2113.
[4]	Xiaoyu SHEN, Guanjun CEN, Ronghan QIAO, Jing ZHU, Hongxiang JI, Mengyu TIAN, Zhou JIN, Yong YAN, Yida WU, Yuanjie ZHAN, Hailong YU, Liubin BEN, Yanyan LIU, Xuejie HUANG. Reviews of selected 100 recent papers for lithium batteries （Apr. 1， 2022 to May 31， 2022） [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2007-2022.
[5]	ZHOU Weidong, HUANG Qiu, XIE Xiaoxin, CHEN Kejun, LI Wei, QIU Jieshan. Research progress of polymer electrolyte for solid state lithium batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1788-1805.
[6]	LI Yitao, SHEN Kaier, PANG Quanquan. Advance in organics enhanced sulfide-based solid-state batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1902-1918.
[7]	OU Yu, HOU Wenhui, LIU Kai. Research progress of smart safety electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1772-1787.
[8]	Ronghan QIAO, Guanjun CEN, Xiaoyu SHEN, Mengyu TIAN, Hongxiang JI, Feng TIAN, Wenbin QI, Zhou JIN, Yida WU, Yuanjie ZHAN, Yong YAN, Liubin BEN, Hailong YU, Yanyan LIU, Xuejie HUANG. Reviews of selected 100 recent papers for lithium batteries （Feb. 1， 2022 to Mar. 31， 2022） [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1289-1304.
[9]	Zhicheng CHEN, Zongxu LI, Ling CAI, Yisi LIU. Development status and future prospects of flexible metal-air batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1401-1410.
[10]	Maolin FANG, Ying ZHANG, Lin QIAO, Shumin LIU, Zhongqi CAO, Huamin ZHANG, Xiangkun MA. Research progress of iron-chromium flow batteries technology [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1358-1367.
[11]	Chaochao WEI, Chuang YU, Zhongkai WU, Linfeng PENG, Shijie CHENG, Jia XIE. Research progress of Li₃PS₄ solid electrolyte [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1368-1382.
[12]	Liang FANG, Kai ZHANG, Limin ZHOU. Recent advances and prospects of electrolyte for aluminum ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(4): 1236-1245.
[13]	Xinyi WANG, Weijie LI, Chao HAN, Huakun LIU, Shixue DOU. Challenges and optimization strategies of the anode of aqueous zinc-ion battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(4): 1211-1225.
[14]	Ying TAO, Lingfei ZHAO, Yunxiao WANG, Yuliang CAO, Shulei CHOU. Stabilization of sodium metal anodes by dual-salt high concentration electrolyte [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(4): 1103-1109.
[15]	Xingxing WANG, Ziyu SONG, Hao WU, Wenfang FENG, Zhibin ZHOU, Heng ZHANG. Advances in conducting lithium salts for solid polymer electrolytes [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(4): 1226-1235.