Development and fabrication of high-energy and long-endurance Li-ion batteries for UAVs

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0147

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, three systems of cathode electrodes were prepared using high-nickel, ternary-single-crystal and polycrystalline particles. The negative electrode employed high-first-efficiency and low-expansion silicon-oxide particles. Individual cells were fabricated through the stacking and injection of pouch-cell components. Three distinct formation processes were used to activate individual cells: high-temperature exposure, pressurization, and stepwise current formation. The fabricated cells demonstrated an impressive capacity retention rate of 95.3% after 500 cycles. The individual cells demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance with a discharge capacity of 23 Ah and an energy density of 269 Wh/kg at 2 C. Following 1000 cycles at 1 C and 2 C, the capacity retention rate reached 88.3%. After storage in a high-temperature chamber for 7 days, the cells exhibited a capacity retention rate of 95.7% with a capacity recovery rate of 97.4%. The fabricated batteries also exhibited outstanding rate capabilities, with a discharge capacity ratio of 83.3% at 10 C using a 1 C discharge capacity as the reference. According to national standards, the cell also successfully passed rigorous heating and external short-circuit safety requirement evaluations. Furthermore, by selecting six individual cells with high consistency and assembling them in series, a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) battery pack was successfully developed. The dimensions of the battery pack were 81 mm×183 mm×71 mm, weighing 1902 g with an energy density of 240 Wh/kg at 2 C. This design ensures reliable power supply for UAVs under various working conditions.

Key words: unmanned aerial vehicle, Li-ion battery, high energy density, battery pack

CLC Number:

TM 911

Wenhao GONG, Meng LI, Tao ZHANG, Ruotao ZHANG, Yanxia LIU. Development and fabrication of high-energy and long-endurance Li-ion batteries for UAVs[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(8): 2550-2558.

Figures/Tables 17

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 4

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Table 5

Fig. 10

Table 6

Fig. 11

References 11

1	李文俊, 徐航宇, 杨琪, 等. 高能量密度锂电池开发策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(2): 448-478. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239. 2020-0050.
	LI W J, XU H Y, YANG Q, et al. Development of strategies for high-energy-density lithium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(2): 448-478. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020-0050.
2	杨续来, 张峥, 曹勇, 等. 高能量密度锂离子电池结构工程化技术探讨[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(4): 1127-1136. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020-0147.
	YANG X L, ZHANG Z, CAO Y, et al. The structural engineering for achieving high energy density Li-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(4): 1127-1136. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020-0147.
3	PIAO N, GAO X N, YANG H C, et al. Challenges and development of lithium-ion batteries for low temperature environments[J]. eTransportation, 2022, 11: 100145. DOI: 10. 1016/j.etran.2021.100145.
4	ZHANG X H, WANG D H, QIU X Y, et al. Stable high-capacity and high-rate silicon-based lithium battery anodes upon two-dimensional covalent encapsulation[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 3826. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17686-4.
5	LI Y, LIU X, WANG L, et al. Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium-ion battery with LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ cathode materials[J]. Nano Energy, 2021, 85: 105878. DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen. 2021.105878.
6	FENG X N, ZHENG S Q, REN D S, et al. Investigating the thermal runaway mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries based on thermal analysis database[J]. Applied Energy, 2019, 246: 53-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.009.
7	张若涛, 李蒙, 刘艳侠, 等. 长寿命高倍率锂离子电池的开发及工艺优化[J]. 电池, 2021, 51(1): 59-62. DOI: 10.19535/j.1001-1579. 2021.01.015.
	ZHANG R T, LI M, LIU Y X, et al. Development and technology optimization of long-life high rate Li-ion battery[J]. Battery Bimonthly, 2021, 51(1): 59-62. DOI: 10.19535/j.1001-1579. 2021.01.015.
8	曹铭津, 邱钟明, 章勇. 无人机用聚合物锂离子电池的研制[J]. 电池, 2017, 47(2): 101-104. DOI: 10.19535/j.1001-1579.2017.02.010.
	CAO M J, QIU Z M, ZHANG Y. Development of polymer Li-ion battery used for unmanned aerial vehicle[J]. Battery Bimonthly, 2017, 47(2): 101-104. DOI: 10.19535/j.1001-1579.2017.02.010.
9	高桂红, 李珅珅, 刘福园, 等. 颗粒级配对锂浆料电池性能的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(2): 329-338. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0537.
	GAO G H, LI S S, LIU F Y, et al. Study on the influence of particle composition on the performance of lithium slurry batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(2): 329-338. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0537.
10	赵彦孛, 胡蝶, 刘艺琳, 等. 极片层数对锂离子电池性能的影响[J]. 电池, 2022, 52(5): 534-537. DOI: 10.19535/j.1001-1579.2022.05.013.
	ZHAO Y B, HU D, LIU Y L, et al. Effect of electrode layers on the performance of Li-ion battery[J]. Battery Bimonthly, 2022, 52(5): 534-537. DOI: 10.19535/j.1001-1579.2022.05.013.
11	刘艳侠, 李蒙, 张治博, 等. 一种提升锂电池安全性的顶封封头结构及锂电池: CN214505571U[P]. 2021-10-26.

材料	D₅₀/μm	比表面积 /(m²/g)	首效/%	0.1 C放电容量 /(mAh/g)
多晶NCM	12.9	0.52	90.3.	220.4
单晶NCM	3.8	0.58	89.5	222.3
混合NCM	10.1	0.56	89.5	219.4.

材料	D₅₀/μm	比表面积 /(m²/g)	首效/%	0.2 C放电容量 /(mAh/g)	膨胀率/%
硅氧400	14.7	1.49	89.8.	401.2	9%
硅氧450	13.4	1.6	86.9	450.6	16%
硅氧500	12.2	1.96	84.6	503.6	20%

体系	正极极片面电阻/(Ω/cm²)	0.1 C放电容量/Ah	0.1 C能量密度 /(Wh/kg)	循环300圈容量保持率/%
G-A	0.302	23.3	269	97.9
G-B	0.267	23.8	275	97.3
G-C	0.198	24.3	280	98.7

电池组性能	测试数据
尺寸	81 mm×183 mm×71 mm
重量	1902 g
2 C放电容量	21.6 Ah
2 C能量密度	240 Wh/kg

配重/kg	飞行段	峰值电流/A	功率/W	倍率
10	起飞	73	1600	3.3 C
10	悬停	58	1200	2.6 C
1	极限飞行	74	1620	3.4 C