Numerical optimization of a liquid cooling plate with double helix flow channel for lithium-ion battery

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0273

Abstract

Abstract:

A liquid cooling system offers high thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity, making the liquid cooling plate is a crucial component within the system. The design and structural of the internal flow channels within the cooling plate directly influence the maximum temperature, temperature uniformity, and overall temperature consistency of the lithium-ion battery. To ensure that the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery remain within the safe operating range under the a 5C discharge rate and an ambient temperature of 299.15 K, this study designs a double-helix shaped flow channel for a liquid cooling plate based on a cosine function. The evaluation indexes include the battery's maximum temperature and temperature difference. Using Ansys Fluent finite element analysis software, the study investigates the effects of various parameters—such as function amplitude, inlet flow rates, function periods, and channel widths—on the heat dissipation performance of the cooling plate. The four influencing factors are then ranked in order of importance through orthogonal tests and range analysis. The results indicate that the inlet flow rate and runner function period significantly impact the maximum temperature, temperature uniformity, and temperature consistency of lithium-ion batteries. By increasing the inlet flow rate, runner width, and function period, the maximum temperature and temperature difference are reduced, leading to improved temperature uniformity. The function amplitude has the least effect on battery temperature. The optimal structure was determined to have a function amplitude of 25 mm, an inlet flow rate of 0.2 m/s, a period of 2, and a runner width of 5 mm. Compared to the initial structure, the optimized design reduced the battery pack's maximum temperature by 2.36 K and temperature difference by 1.27 K.

Key words: lithium ion batteries, liquid-cooled plate, double helix structured runner, cosine function, orthogonal test

CLC Number:

TM 911

Binyang ZHANG, Xiaolong REN, Jiangming ZHAO, Shunliang DING. Numerical optimization of a liquid cooling plate with double helix flow channel for lithium-ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(10): 3545-3555.

Figures/Tables 19

Table 1

Lithium-ion battery parameters"

属性	数值
密度/( $k g / m 3$ )	2450
比热容/[ $J / (k g ∙ K$ )]	1108
热导率/[ $W / (m ∙ K$ )]	3.9
单个锂离子电池放出热量/( $W / m 3$ )	240000
初始温度/ $K$	299.15
长度/ $m m$	118
宽度/ $m m$	63
高度/ $m m$	13

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Material performance parameters"

属性	铝	水
密度/( $k g / m 3$ )	2719	998.2
导热系数/[ $W / (m ∙ K$ )]	202.4	0.6
比热容/[ $J / (k g ∙ K$ ]	871	4182
动力黏度/( $P a ∙ s$ )	—	0.001003

Table 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 3

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

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流道	最高温度/K	温差/K	流道最大流速/(m/s)
非对称式余弦流道	306.58	4.14	0.18
对称式余弦流道	306.54	4.00	0.18
低振幅双螺旋流道	306.72	4.20	0.22
高振幅双螺旋流道	305.14	3.73	0.22

水平	A/mm	V/(m/s)	T/mm	W/mm
1	23	0.08	0.5	3.5
2	24	0.12	1	4
3	25	0.16	1.5	4.5
4	26	0.2	2	5

编号	A/mm	V/(m/s)	T/mm	W/mm	T_max/K	ΔT/K
1	23	0.08	0.5	3.5	309.70	5.22
2	23	0.12	1	4	305.87	3.73
3	23	0.16	1.5	4.5	303.91	2.92
4	23	0.2	2	5	302.87	2.52
5	24	0.08	1	4.5	306.86	4.15
6	24	0.12	0.5	5	306.55	4.31
7	24	0.16	2	3.5	304.16	3.13
8	24	0.2	1.5	4	303.68	2.68
9	25	0.08	1.5	5	305.58	3.83
10	25	0.12	2	4.5	304.16	3.21
11	25	0.16	0.5	4	306.43	4.21
12	25	0.2	1	3.5	304.69	3.09
13	26	0.08	2	4	305.97	4.23
14	26	0.12	1.5	3.5	305.34	3.58
15	26	0.16	1	5	304.28	3.21
16	26	0.2	0.5	4.5	305.42	3.89

评价指标	极差	A	V	T	W
最高温度的极差分析/K	k₁_j	305.59	307.03	307.03	305.97
	k₂_j	305.31	305.48	305.43	305.49
	k₃_j	305.22	304.70	304.63	305.09
	k₄_j	305.25	304.17	304.29	304.82
	R_j	0.37	2.86	2.74	1.15

温差的极差分析/K	k₁_j	3.60	4.36	4.41	3.76
	k₂_j	3.57	3.71	3.55	3.71
	k₃_j	3.59	3.37	3.25	3.54
	k₄_j	3.73	3.05	3.27	3.47
	R_j	0.16	1.31	1.16	0.29

方案	最高温度/K	温差/K
A3V4T4W4	302.78	2.46
A2V4T3W4	303.14	2.45
初始方案	305.14	3.73