Three-objective optimization and emergy analysis of integrated energy system under time-of-use flexible operation strategy

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0258

Abstract

Abstract:

Integrated energy systems (IESs) offer high energy efficiency and low emissions. To address challenges such as mismatches between the heating and user sides and excessive waste heat under traditional operation strategies, this paper proposes an IES incorporating an electric-thermal hybrid energy storage system and introduces a time-sequential flexible operation strategy. By considering equipment operating characteristics and using the energy quality coefficient method, a three-objective optimization is performed. The sustainability of the IES is further evaluated through emergy analysis. The results show that compared with the conventional strategy, the time-sequential flexible operation strategy improves the comprehensive energy utilization rate by 5% and reduces operating costs by 626,544 yuan. It also achieves the highest sustainability development index (4.18) in the emergy analysis. The gas boiler maintains a relatively large capacity across different strategies, serving as the primary heating unit. Additionally, natural gas prices impact sustainability by approximately 36%, while electricity prices have a more substantial effect, reaching up to 72.33%.

Key words: integrated energy system, operation strategy, emergy analysis, sustainability

CLC Number:

TK 01

Siwen LI, Yilin ZHU, Yujie XU, Xuezhi ZHOU, Zhengyang FU, Jiajun WU, Ruoning HAN, Liu CHENG, Hualiang ZHANG, Haisheng CHEN. Three-objective optimization and emergy analysis of integrated energy system under time-of-use flexible operation strategy[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(9): 3447-3462.

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代号	名称	能值转换率
R₁	太阳辐射	1.00×10⁶ sej/MJ
R₂	风能	5.89×10⁷ sej/MJ
R₃	氧气	5.16×10¹⁰ sej/kg
R₄	水	6.64×10⁸ sej/kg
N₁	天然气	7.73×10⁷ sej/MJ
F₀	购电	4.325×10¹¹ sej/CNY
F₁	光伏成本(投资、运维、人力)	4.325×10¹¹ sej/CNY
F₂	风机成本(投资、运维、人力)	4.325×10¹¹ sej/CNY
F₃	电储能系统成本(投资、运维、人力)	4.325×10¹¹ sej/CNY
F₄	吸收式制冷成本(投资、运维、人力)	4.325×10¹¹ sej/CNY
F₅	燃气轮机成本(投资、运维、人力)	4.325×10¹¹ sej/CNY
F₆	燃气锅炉成本(投资、运维、人力)	4.325×10¹¹ sej/CNY
F₇	电锅炉成本(投资、运维、人力)	4.325×10¹¹ sej/CNY
F₈	电制冷成本(投资、运维、人力)	4.325×10¹¹ sej/CNY
F₉	热储能系统成本(投资、运维、人力)	4.325×10¹¹ sej/CNY

设备	参数名称	数值
冷热电联产机组	余热回收率	0.5
	余热供热系数	0.95
	余热供热效率(额定)	0.45
	燃气轮机发电效率(额定)	0.3
	天然气碳排放因子/(kg/kWh)	0.21
电制冷机	电制冷机制冷系数(额定)	2.5
吸收式制冷机	吸收式制冷机制冷系数(额定)	1.3
燃气锅炉	燃气锅炉热效率(额定)	0.9
电锅炉	电锅炉热效率(额定)	0.95
电池	充电效率(额定)	0.95
	放电效率(额定)	0.95
	最大荷电状态	0.8
	最小荷电状态	0.2
储热罐	储热装置充热效率	0.9
	储热装置放热效率	0.9
	最大储热状态	0.8
	最小储热状态	0.2
电网	电网碳排放因子/(kg/kWh)	0.98

设备	参数	数值
风机	投资成本	2800 CNY/kW
	运维成本	0.03 CNY/kW
	寿命	20 a
光伏	投资成本	2400 CNY/kW
	运维成本	0.05 CNY/kW
	寿命	20 a
吸收式制冷机	投资成本	1200 CNY/kW
	运维成本	0.048 CNY/kW
	寿命	20 a
电制冷机	投资成本	1100 CNY/kW
	运维成本	0.06 CNY/kW
	寿命	20 a
电池	投资成本	2000 CNY/kW
	运维成本	0.018 CNY/kW
	寿命	10 a
燃气轮机	投资成本	3000 CNY/kW
	运维成本	0.05 CNY/kW
	寿命	20 a
燃气锅炉	投资成本	1150 CNY/kW
	运维成本	0.04 CNY/kW
	寿命	20 a
储热水罐	投资成本	140 CNY/kW
	运维成本	0.016 CNY/kW
	寿命	10 a

策略	风机/kW	光伏/kW	燃气轮机/kW	电储/kWh	吸收式制冷机/kW	燃气锅炉/kW	热储/kWh	年总成本/CNY	碳排放量/t	能源综合利用率
Case 1	600	600	154	142	473	1394	3255	5.4429×10⁶	4233.36	0.76
Case 2	600	600	100	289	2027	1639	273	5.6504×10⁶	4555.24	0.79
Case 3	600	600	100	100	335	1967	301	4.8163×10⁶	4641.70	0.84

符号	名称	数值
符号	名称	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3
R	可再生能源能值	5.07×10¹⁸	5.05×10¹⁸	5.06×10¹⁸
N	不可再生能源能值	3.48×10¹⁸	2.37×10¹⁸	1.46×10¹⁸
F	社会经济能值	1.54×10¹⁸	1.80×10¹⁸	1.69×10¹⁸
Y₁	电能消耗及售出	6.87×10¹⁸	6.80×10¹⁸	5.99×10¹⁸
Y₂	热能消耗	6.62×10¹⁷	4.15×10¹⁷	1.30×10¹⁷
Y₃	冷能消耗	2.54×10¹⁸	2.02×10¹⁸	2.10×10¹⁸