Experimental study on liquid cooling system performance for commercial and industrial energy storage under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0390

Abstract

Abstract:

With the continuous improvement in the energy density of commercial and industrial energy storage systems and the expanding range of applications, coupled with stringent thermal management requirements under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, the potential risk of thermal runaway has become increasingly significant. However, experimental research on liquid cooling system performance in such thermo-humidity environments remains limited. This study investigates the operational characteristics and energy consumption of cooling source equipment, supply-return liquid temperatures in distribution systems, as well as cold plate surface and battery temperatures under continuous charge-discharge conditions in high-temperature/high-humidity environments (40 ℃/30% RH, 30 ℃/30% RH, and 30 ℃/70% RH). Results demonstrate that, compared with 40 ℃/30% RH and 30 ℃/30% RH conditions, the start-stop frequency of compressors and fans decreased by 52%, total cooling system energy consumption increased by 28%, and the longitudinal weighted average battery temperature difference was reduced from 3.14 ℃ to 2.82 ℃. Under high-humidity conditions (30 ℃/70% RH), when the supply liquid temperature was increased from 20—25 ℃ to 24—28 ℃, system energy consumption decreased by 22%, with the maximum battery cell temperature rising by 3 ℃. The average maximum temperature difference decreased by 22.56%, and the longitudinal average temperature difference was reduced from 2.89 ℃ to 2.80 ℃. Ambient temperature, humidity, and supply liquid temperature showed no significant impact on the longitudinal temperature difference across battery cells within the pack.

Key words: commercial and industrial energy storage, liquid cooling, thermal management, high-temperature and high-humidity, battery temperature

CLC Number:

TM 911

Xiangxi MENG, Guanxin LIU, Zhixi WANG, Junxia LI, Hao ZHOU, Xujing LOU, Quan ZHANG. Experimental study on liquid cooling system performance for commercial and industrial energy storage under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(10): 3755-3763.

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References 14

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参数	规格/数值	参数	规格/数值
正极材料	LiFePO₄	X/Z向	20～21 W/(m⋅K)
负极材料	石墨	Y向	2～3 W/(m⋅K)
放电截止电压	2.5 V	热容均值	0.9～1.1 kJ/(kg⋅K)
重量	(5420±300) g

名称	规格/型号	名称	规格/型号
压缩机	R134a-24CC	冷凝风机	Φ225离心风机
冷凝器	5 kW铜管翅片散热器	水泵	BLP300H-A2-4
蒸发器	5 kW不锈钢板式换热器	膨胀阀	1.65 mm口径电子膨胀阀

测试工况	温度/℃	湿度/%	供液温度/℃	充放电流程
1	30	30	20～25	0.5C充电，静止30 min，0.5C放电，静止30 min
2	40	30	20～25
3	30	70	20～25
4	30	70	24～28

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