Simulation of immersion thermal performance regulation and thermal safety experimental study for energy storage lithium batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1056

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the challenges of temperature rise and excessive temperature differences during the operation of a 5 kWh household storage battery plug-in box, a submerged inner tank model was designed. The model allows the batteries to be directly immersed in a cooling medium, while maintaining electrical connectivity to an external battery pack. The study investigated how battery spacing, immersion height ratio, and discharge rate impact cooling performance during static immersion in the inner tank. In addition, the thermal safety performance of the model was experimentally analyzed. Results revealed that a battery spacing of 2.5 mm significantly improves temperature uniformity within the battery module. Optimal cooling performance was achieved when the batteries were 100% submerged. Discharging the fully immersed battery module at 0.5 C, 1.0 C, and 1.5 C notably reduced the maximum temperature compared to non-immersed conditions, while also greatly improving temperature uniformity. Subsequently, the accuracy of the conventional liquid cooling model was verified through experiments, with the simulation results closely aligning with experimental data, showing a maximum deviation of only 1.29 ℃. Finally, overcharge thermal runaway diffusion experiments demonstrated that this cooling method effectively suppresses the spread of thermal runaway.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, immersion thermal management, numerical simulation, thermal propagation suppression

CLC Number:

TM 912

Haiyang ZHOU, Zhendong ZHANG, Lei SHENG, Zehua ZHU, Xiaojun ZHANG, Chunfeng ZHANG. Simulation of immersion thermal performance regulation and thermal safety experimental study for energy storage lithium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(5): 1866-1874.

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参数	数值
质量/g	1992.0
尺寸(长×宽×高)/(mm×mm×mm)	159.5×50.6×115.7
额定容量/Ah	100
额定电压U/V	3.65
比热容/[J/(kg·℃)]	1023.6
密度/(kg/m³)	2143.7

导热系数/[W/(m·℃)]	X方向(宽度)	13.2
	Y方向(厚度)	3.7
	Z方向(高度)	9.6

放电倍率	q(t)=k₀+k₁t+k₂t²+k₃t³+k₄t⁴
放电倍率	K₀	K₁	K₂	K₃	K₄
0.5 C	2.83	9.341×10^-4	-7.641×10^-7	1.101×10^-10	-4.619×10^-16
1.0 C	5.559	1.579×10^-2	-1.686×10^-5	5.692×10^-9	-5.098×10^-13
1.5 C	47.67	-2.057×10^-3	-1.373×10^-5	8.622×10^-9	-8.69×10^-13

零配件	材料	参数
内胆	不锈钢304	比热容：502 J/(kg·℃) 导热率：16.2 W/(m·℃) 密度：7850 kg/m³
密封垫圈	EVA泡沫棉	比热容：1100 J/(kg·℃) 导热率：0.127 W/(m·℃) 密度：974 kg/m³
Busbar	Al 3003	比热容：1014 J/(kg·℃) 导热率：155 W/(m·℃) 密度：2700 kg/m³
侧板固定件	Al 6061	比热容：900 J/(kg·℃) 导热率：155 W/(m·℃) 密度：2720 kg/m³
隔板	环氧板	比热容：1581 J/kg·℃ 导热率：0.2 W/(m·℃) 密度：1800 kg/m³

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