Study on the separation conditions of lithium ion battery electrolyte by GC-MS detection

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1068

Abstract

Abstract:

Electrolytes are a critical component of lithium ion batteries. Among their key constituents, solvents significantly influence the ion transport rate in the liquid phase, the solvation structure of lithium ions, and the composition and structure of the solid electrolyte interphase. Solvent detection plays a vital role in scientific research, public testing, and industrial production. However, as the range of electrolytes continues to expand, their increasingly complex compositions demand more advanced detection methods. Electrolyte detection analysis generally involves two stages: qualitative and quantitative analysis. Comprehensive identification of components during the qualitative stage provides a solid foundation for subsequent analysis. For solvent detection, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology is utilized to identify as many different types of solvents and additives as possible in a single injection. This technology also accommodates the separation requirements of diverse solvents such as esters, ethers, and benzene rings. This articles introduces a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection method for electrolyte solvents and additives. The method achieves effective separation by optimizing key parameters such as injection port temperature, heating rate, column temperature, and column flow rate. These adjustments could change the adsorption capacity of the chromatographic column for different components and utilize the velocity differences of each compound in an inert gas stream. Using this approach, the simultaneous and effective separation of 19 distinct components was achieved. These include15 ester solvents such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and methyl ethyl carbonate; 2 ether solvents such as diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; aldehyde solvent 1,3-dioxolane; and the benzene ring solvent cyclohexylbenzene. This comprehensive and efficient method offers a universal solution for the qualitative detection of electrolytes containing multiple solvents and additives.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, electrolyte, solvent, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, detection

CLC Number:

TM 912

Jinming YUE, Yuanli LIU, Yixia CHEN, Xiqian YU, Hong LI. Study on the separation conditions of lithium ion battery electrolyte by GC-MS detection[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(4): 1564-1573.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

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序号	名称	英文缩写	CAS号	m/z
1	1,3-二氧环戊烷	DOL	646-06-0	73，44，45
2	甲基三氟乙基碳酸酯	FEMC	156783-95-8	59，83，45
3	丙酸甲酯	MP	554-12-1	57，59，88
4	乙二醇二甲醚	DME	110-71-4	45，60，58
5	碳酸甲乙酯	EMC	623-53-0	45，77，59
6	碳酸亚乙烯酯	VC	872-36-6	86，42，58
7	碳酸二乙酯	DEC	105-58-8	45，91，63
8	丙酸丙酯	PC	106-36-5	57，75，43
9	氟代碳酸乙烯酯	FEC	114435-02-8	62，43，106
10	二乙二醇二甲醚	DEGDME	111-96-6	59，58，45
11	碳酸乙烯酯	EC	96-49-1	43，88，44
12	碳酸丙烯酯	PC	108-32-7	57，43，87
13	碳酸乙烯亚乙酯	VEC	4427-96-7	42，39，40
14	硫酸乙烯酯	DTD	1072-53-3	124，43，48
15	1,3丙磺酸内酯	PS	1120-71-4	58，57，41
16	丙烯基-1,3磺酸内酯	PST	21806-61-1	66，43，65
17	三(三甲基硅基)磷酸酯	TMSP	10497-05-9	299，73，300
18	环己基苯	CHB	827-52-1	104，117，91
19	甲烷二磺酸亚甲酯	MMDS	99591-74-9	95，65，78

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