Research on Heat Generation Characteristics and Thermal Management Strategy Optimization of Sodium Ion Battery Energy Storage System

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0331

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid development of renewable energy, energy storage systems are playing an increasingly vital role in balancing energy supply and demand, as well as enhancing the efficiency of energy utilization. Sodium-ion battery energy storage systems, due to their unique advantages, are considered one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage in the future. The heat generated during the charging and discharging processes of sodium-ion batteries can significantly impact the performance, lifespan, and safety of the batteries. Therefore, it is essential to develop more efficient thermal management strategies to improve the safety of sodium-ion battery energy storage systems. This paper primarily employs a combination of experimental and numerical simulation methods to study the asymmetric heat generation characteristics of sodium-ion batteries during charging and discharging processes, and subsequently proposes a multi-stage variable flow rate thermal management optimization strategy during the discharging process. Experiments reveal that the heat generation during the discharging process of sodium-ion batteries is three times that of the charging process, with a peak heat generation power of 70 W under 1 P discharge conditions. In contrast, under 1P charging conditions, the peak heat generation power is only 25 W and lasts for a very short duration. This paper introduces an asymmetric liquid cooling thermal management system for charging and discharging processes and proposes a multi-stage variable flow rate optimization strategy based on the characteristic of stage-wise changes in heat generation power during the discharging process. This strategy effectively reduces the thermal management system power consumption while maintaining the same battery temperature. The research in this paper is of great significance for optimizing the power consumption of sodium-ion battery thermal management systems and enhancing the safety of sodium-ion battery energy storage systems.

Key words: Sodium-ion batteries, Energy storage system, Heat generation characteristics, Thermal management

CLC Number:

TM912

Yuxiang PENG, Like GAO, Yongqi LI, Bin TANG, Chuansheng LUO. Research on Heat Generation Characteristics and Thermal Management Strategy Optimization of Sodium Ion Battery Energy Storage System[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0331.

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物性	液体工质	液冷板	隔热材料	电池
密度 ρ (kg^.m^-3)	998.2	2719	2719	2719
导热系数 k (W^.m^-1.K^-1)	0.6	202.4	0.02	λ_x=λ_y=20 λ_z=3
比热容c_p (J^.kg^{-1 .}K^-1)	4182	871	871	871
粘度 μ (Pa·s)	0.001003	-		-

网格类型	网格数量	最高温度(K)	压降(Pa)	计算耗时(min)
粗化网格	200,000	314.5	33940.5	30
基础网格	281,755	312.3	33727.8	42
全局加密	569,187	312.1	33700.2	58
局部加密	350,000	311.8	33710.9	50

时间段(s)	质量流量(kg^.s^-1)
0-2025	0.2
2025-2850	0.3
2850-4000	0.1

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