Fast frequency response and stable control of multi-port energy router

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0524

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the poor stability and difficulty in rapid frequency regulation for a large number of renewable new energy sources connected to the power grid system, a method of achieving a fast frequency response and controlling the stability of multi-port energy routers under frequency regulation conditions was developed. First, to address the low-frequency instability caused by the strategy used to control the frequency modulation in existing multi-port energy routers (small hydro power, photovoltaic, energy storage, and grid connected ports), methods of controlling energy routers were analyzed by combining small signal impedance modeling methods to derive impedance models for each port of multi-port energy routers. Based on the equivalent impedance model of each port of the energy router, the instability and mechanism of achieving stable operation of the multi-port energy router were studied. The existing strategy for controlling the frequency modulation in energy routers is susceptible to interaction of the inductive impedance, capacitive impedance, and negative damping impedance. The phase difference at the intersection of port impedances is greater than 180°, and the Nyquist plot surrounds the (-1, 0j) point in a clockwise manner, making the system prone to instability during low-frequency oscillation. However, the new, fast-frequency-response control strategy proposed herein for the energy router can ensure that the phase difference at the intersection of port impedances is less than 180° and the Nyquist plot does not surround the (-1, 0j) point, ensuring stable operation of the system. The data provide theoretical guidance and technical support for achieving a fast frequency response and stable control of multi-port energy routers under frequency modulation conditions. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method for achieving a fast-frequency response and stable control of multi-port energy routers was verified by simulation.

Key words: primary frequency regulation, multi port energy router, stability analysis

CLC Number:

TM 712

Zhaoqin SUN, Ke LI, Gaoxian DU, Chen HU, Meng NIU, Zhen ZHU. Fast frequency response and stable control of multi-port energy router[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(8): 2970-2982.

Figures/Tables 19

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系统参数	控制策略1	控制策略2
水电端口变换器滤波电感值L_w	0.4 mH
光伏端口变换器滤波电感值L_pv	0.8 mH
光伏端口输入侧电容值C_pv	3300 µF
储能端口变换器滤波电感值L_bat	0.8 mH
并网端口变换器电感值L_i	0.4 mH
直流侧电容值C	1800 µF
水电端口变换器控制器	k_puw=1.2、k_iuw=400、k_piw=5、k_iiw=3000	k_ppw=0.05、k_ipw=10、k_piw=1.25、k_iiw=250
光伏端口变换器控制器	k_vppv=1、k_vipv=400、k_ippv=12、k_iipv=3000
储能端口变换器控制器	k_pibat=0.00744、k_iibat=5.699
并网端口变换器控制器	k_ppi=0.05、k_ipi=10、k_pii=1.25、k_iii=250	k_pui=1.2、k_iui=400、k_pii=5、k_iii=3000