基于飞轮储能的牵引变电所能量回收和电能质量综合治理系统的设计

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0158

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电气化铁路属于具有鲜明特点的大宗工业用户，如牵引负荷波动剧烈、负序电流较大、再生制动能量回馈电网等等。负序电流会造成局部金属件温升增高，甚至会导致变压器烧毁，还会使用电设备寿命缩短，加速设备部件更换频率，增加设备维护的成本。再生制动能量回馈电网会加剧两个供电臂负荷不平衡程度，使负序电流的影响更加严重，同时回馈到电网的能量部分不能被牵引供电系统所利用、造成能源的浪费。本工作研究了基于飞轮储能的牵引变电所能量回收和电能质量综合治理系统，在每个供电臂上安装变压器，飞轮储能装置通过变流器、变压器与馈线连接。飞轮储能系统可以有效降低两部制电价中基本电费的收取；同时飞轮储能装置作为储能体具备存储和释放电能的双重功能，可有效吸收再利用机车制动时产生的再生电能，减少电度电费支出；飞轮储能系统还可治理以负序为主的电能质量问题，较传统的电能质量治理方式产生了经济效益，解决了电能质量治理没有经济效益的难题。

关键词: 牵引变电所, 再生制动, 负序电流, 飞轮储能

Abstract:

The electrified railway is a large industrial user facility with distinctive characteristics. Here, the traction load fluctuates sharply, the negative sequence current is large, and the regenerative braking energy feeds back to the catenary. Hence, negative sequence current will increase the temperature of local metal parts, even leading to transformer burning, shortening the service life of electrical equipment, accelerating the frequency of equipment part replacement, and increasing the cost of equipment maintenance. Furthermore, regenerative braking energy feedback to the catenary will aggravate the load imbalance between the two power supply arms and make the impact of negative sequence currents more serious. However, the traction power supply system cannot use the energy feedback to the catenary. Therefore, the regenerative braking and power quality, which harnessed a synthetic system in traction substations based on flywheel energy storage, was studied. Transformers were first installed on two power supply arms, after which the flywheel energy storage device was connected with feeders through converters and transformers in the whole electrical circuit. Consequently, the system output AC27.5 kV transformed DC1600 V on the feeder to the flywheel energy storage device, causing the flywheel energy storage system to effectively reduce the basic tariff in dual tariff systems. As an energy storage body, the flywheel energy storage device also had the dual functions of storing and releasing electric energy, thereby effectively absorbing and reusing the regenerative electric energy generated during the braking of locomotives and reduction of power rates. In addition, the flywheel energy storage system solved the power quality problem in electrified railways' negative sequences. Thus, compared with the traditional power quality management method, it could produce economic benefits and solve the problem of no economic power quality management.

Key words: traction substation, regenerative braking, negative sequence current, flywheel energy storage

中图分类号:

李彦吉, 陈鹰, 李祎杨. 基于飞轮储能的牵引变电所能量回收和电能质量综合治理系统的设计[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(12): 3883-3894.

Yanji LI, Ying CHEN, Yiyang LI. Design of regenerative braking and power quality harnessed synthetically system in traction substation based on flywheel energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(12): 3883-3894.

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参考文献 5

1	周方圆,龚芬,邱文,等.电铁功率融通型电能质量综合治理技术:第十七届中国科协年会综合轨道交通体系学术沙龙论文集[C/OL].广州:中国科学技术协会学会学术部,2015[2022-09-21]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CPFD&dbname=CPFDLAST 2015&filename=DIDD201505006038&uniplatform=NZKPT&v=aX Kd4EfUUTvFRynyJXoYtBEnh0H3ZFfRgInRMjkx5q233bjVbpBB-vlvM3 EbHyd6uBW3LZVpkt4%3d.
2	李蓉蓉. 高速铁路牵引变电所储能技术研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2019.
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3	王大杰, 赵思锋, 黄小红, 等. 飞轮储能用于铁路牵引负荷削峰填谷的实验验证[J]. 电气化铁道, 2018, 29(S1): 93-97, 101.
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4	王佩, 朱辉, 李骑, 等. 电气化铁路投入对南疆电网电能质量影响分析[J]. 电工技术, 2021(23): 57-58, 61.
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项目	线别	受电量/MkWh	负荷率/%		主变压器利用率/%
项目	线别	受电量/MkWh	最大	最小	最大	最小
北京局	高速铁路	257.968	82	27	20	3
北京局	普速铁路	362.952	85	12	68	1
合计	—	620.921	85	12	68	1
唐山供电段	京哈线	29.785	71	36	21	19
	津秦高铁	15.04	55	27	7	6
	唐包线	22.461	83	31	13	5
	唐曹线	0.694	34	34	2	2
	津山线	24.201	75	58	30	16
合计	—	92.181	83	27	30	2

方法类别	设备类型	简称	优点	缺点
无源补偿器	静止无功补偿器	SVC	接线简单、造价低	不平衡效果补偿受限、装置可靠性低
无源补偿器	单相接入有源电力滤波器	APF	治理各次谐波、动态响应快	不能够进行负序补偿
有源补偿器	三相接入静止同步补偿器	STATCOM	功率密度高、效率高、响应快、综合治理效果好	接入三相系统导致造价高
有源补偿器	两相接入铁路功率调节器	RPC	响应快、综合治理效果好、附加效果多	造价相对较高

统计值	牵引负荷功率/MW
2天最大值	32.1
2天平均值	0.9
2天最大需量最大值	16.3
2天最大需量最小值	15.7

规格	参数
额定电压	1500 VDC (1450～1750 VDC之间连续可调)
额定电流	222 A
额定功率	333 kW
设备重量	1500 kg
制动时间	<50 min
储存电量	3.61 kWh
能量循环利用效率	>86%
全功率充电次数	>40次/h
充放电寿命	>1000万次
噪声	≤79 dB(A)

投运状态	供电位置	最大值 /kV	最小值 /kV	平均值 /kV
未投运	α相供电臂	28.63	25.60	27.41
未投运	β相供电臂	28.78	25.63	27.50
投运2 MW系统	α相供电臂	28.00	26.00	27.32
投运2 MW系统	β相供电臂	28.01	25.77	27.37