废旧锂电池负极石墨失效机制及回收利用研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0699

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了满足可持续能源和绿色发展的需求，近年来锂电池市场持续增长，势头迅猛。然而，受限于一定的使用寿命，锂电池退役潮也随之来袭，废旧锂电池不仅会造成资源浪费还会产生严重的环境污染，因此废旧锂电池的回收是不可避免的问题。石墨具有成本低、储量丰富、能量密度高、功率密度大及循环寿命长等优点，是一种理想的负极材料，在锂电池负极材料中占据主导地位。目前关于电池回收的研究主要集中于正极材料中金属的回收，但负极材料的回收问题同样不容忽视。本文通过对近期相关研究的探讨，简单回顾了锂电池回收的现状，着重强调了负极石墨材料回收的必要性，介绍了负极部分的主要失效机制包括其对负极石墨材料所造成的影响和变化，总结了废旧锂电池负极石墨的特点。综述了近年来关于锂电池负极石墨材料回收相关研究进展，包括再生、改性及再利用等方面，指出了负极石墨回收所面临的挑战，并对未来锂电池负极石墨材料回收再利用技术提出了展望，以促进电池产业的可持续发展。

关键词: 废旧锂电池, 负极石墨, 回收, 再利用

Abstract:

To meet the needs of sustainable energy and green development, the lithium-ion battery (LIB) market has continued to proliferate recently. However, limited by a certain life, the number of spent LIBs will also be produced. Spent LIBs will lead to resource waste and severe environmental pollution, so the recycling of spent LIBs is an inevitable key issue. Graphite is an ideal anode material and occupies a dominant position in the LIBs market due to the advantage of low cost, abundant reserves, high energy density, and long cycle life. Currently, the research on battery recycling mainly focuses on the metals in cathode material, but the recycling of anode material must be addressed. This review briefly discusses the status of LIB recycling and emphasizes the necessity of anode graphite recycling. The main failure mechanism on anode material, the effects and changes on the anode graphite material, and the characteristics of spent anode graphite were summarized. Then the research progress on the recycling of anode graphite was reviewed, including regeneration, modification, and reutilization. The recycling challenged were identified, and the prospects for the recovery and reuse technology were put forward to promote the sustainable development of the battery industry.

Key words: spent lithium ions batteries, anode graphite, recovery, reutilization

中图分类号:

TK-9

蒋龙进, 张顺, 乔羽, 刘臣臻, 饶中浩. 废旧锂电池负极石墨失效机制及回收利用研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(3): 822-834.

Longjin JIANG, Shun ZHANG, Yu QIAO, Chenzhen LIU, Zhonghao RAO. A review of failure mechanisms and anode graphite recycling from spent lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(3): 822-834.

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