储能科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (5): 1427-1443.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0260

• 喜迎东北大学建校百年-储能电池关键材料与循环技术专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物质纤维素基多功能材料构建及其在新型能量存储方面的应用

张奇1,2(), 李晓东1,2, 王文雯1,2, 刘晓1,2()   

  1. 1.先进金属复合材料成形技术与装备教育部工程研究中心
    2.太原理工大学机械运载与工程学院,山西 太原 030024
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-25 修回日期:2023-04-28 出版日期:2023-05-05 发布日期:2023-05-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘晓 E-mail:zhangqi01@tyut.edu.cn;liuxiao@tyut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张奇(1988—),男,工学博士,助理研究员,研究方向为新能源材料,E-mail:zhangqi01@tyut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    山西省基础研究计划自由探索类自然科学研究面上项目(20210302123109);青年项目(20210302124426)

Rational design of multifunctional cellulose based materials for their application in emerging energy storage

Qi ZHANG1,2(), Xiaodong LI1,2, Wenwen WANG1,2, Xiao LIU1,2()   

  1. 1.Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Metal Composites Forming Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education
    2.College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2023-04-25 Revised:2023-04-28 Online:2023-05-05 Published:2023-05-29
  • Contact: Xiao LIU E-mail:zhangqi01@tyut.edu.cn;liuxiao@tyut.edu.cn

摘要:

生物质材料细胞壁物质的高效分离及功能化直接关系着废弃生物质的高值化应用。作为生物质材料细胞壁的三大组分之一,纤维素纳米纤丝已经被广泛用于构建独特纳米结构和功能的复合材料如三维结构气凝胶、自修复水凝胶、纳米微晶光子膜、光敏感织物等。探索一条生物质纤维素高值化、实用化发展路径显得尤为重要,本文围绕生物质纳米纤维素的分离提取和功能材料的构筑及其在新型能源存储方面的应用进行论述。首先,简要叙述当前纳米纤维素的化学结构及其作为多功能材料结构单元的优势,并从实验条件、环保、经济、纤维得率与质量的角度分析了生物基纳米纤维素分离制备方法的发展历程和优缺点;然后,介绍了纳米纤维素基纤维、薄膜、气凝胶、碳气凝胶的微/纳米结构、化学键、力学性能在热管理器件如建筑制冷器、太阳驱动式水蒸发器中太阳能的散射与吸收、红外发射、水分的吸收与传导和电化学能源储存中柔性电极的设计、亲锂型隔膜及碳基集流体等功能材料的构建过程中所发挥的作用。最后,从生物质材料的特异性结构的利用、组分的提取分离与转化、复合材料构建角度对纳米纤维素的未来研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 生物质纤维素, 功能材料, 热管理器件, 水资源收集, 电池材料

Abstract:

The effective extraction and functionalization of cell wall materials are essential for the high-value usage of waste biomass. Nanocellulose, as the skeleton of cell wall material, has been widely used in constructing multifunctional composites, such as aerogel, self-healing hydrogels, photonic CNC films, and photosensitive fabrics due to its unique nanostructure. This review focuses on the chemical structure and preparation method of cellulose and the rational design of multifunctional materials for energy storage. The first section of this review briefly describes cellulose chemistry and the advantages of cellulose in multifunctional composites. Furthermore, it discusses the extraction methods' evolution, advantages, and disadvantages, considering experimental conditions, eco-friendliness, economy, yield, and fiber quality. The second section of the review provides detailed information on the micro/nanostructure, chemistry, and mechanical properties of nanocellulose-based fibers, films, aerogels, and their applications in sunlight reflection and adsorption, infrared emission, and water adsorption and transportation in thermal management devices such as building coolers and solar-driven water harvesters. Additionally, it explores the applications of nanocellulose in flexible electrodes, lithophilic separators, carbon-based current collectors, and other emerging materials. Finally, this review concludes with an outlook on using unique biomass structures, separation and conversion of components, and design of composites. This outlook emphasizes the potential for further research and development of nanocellulose-based materials and their potential impact on energy storage.

Key words: biomass cellulose, multifunctional materials, thermal manage devices, water harvester, battery materials

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