叶轮式压缩机喘振问题研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0590

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (1): 269-282.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0590

叶轮式压缩机喘振问题研究进展

张一凡¹^,²^,⁵(), 刘杰¹, 李亚南², 郝佳豪²^,³, 越云凯²^,⁴^,⁵(), 杨俊玲²^,⁵, 张振涛²^,⁴^,⁵

^1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院，山东青岛 266520
^2.中国科学院理化技术研究所，北京 100190
^3.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
^4.长沙博睿鼎能动力科技有限公司，湖南长沙 410000
^5.河北省储能产业技术研究院，河北石家庄 050000

收稿日期:2024-06-28 修回日期:2024-07-23 出版日期:2025-01-28 发布日期:2025-02-25
通讯作者: 越云凯 E-mail:17685470886@163.com;yueyunkai@mail.ipc.ac.cn
作者简介:张一凡（1999—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为二氧化碳储能技术、离心式压缩机防喘振技术，E-mail：17685470886@163.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52206032);中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划(YSBR-043);河北省重大专项(23291801Z)

Research progress on surge analysis and anti-surge of turbo-compressor

Yifan ZHANG¹^,²^,⁵(), Jie LIU¹, Ya'nan LI², Jiahao HAO²^,³, Yunkai YUE²^,⁴^,⁵(), Junling YANG²^,⁵, Zhentao ZHANG²^,⁴^,⁵

^1.School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, Shandong, China
^2.Technical Institute of Physical and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
^3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^4.Changsha Borui Energy Technology Co. , Ltd. , Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
^5.Hebei Energy Storage Industry Technology Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China

Received:2024-06-28 Revised:2024-07-23 Online:2025-01-28 Published:2025-02-25
Contact: Yunkai YUE E-mail:17685470886@163.com;yueyunkai@mail.ipc.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在大型压缩气体储能系统中，叶轮式压缩机的性能是决定整个储能系统能否高效运行的关键。喘振只能被抑制，无法消除，是叶轮式压缩机的固有特性之一，严重影响了叶轮式压缩机的工作效率和安全稳定性。因此，防喘振技术是确保叶轮式压缩机安全稳定运行的关键，尤其在压缩气体储能系统中压缩机频繁启停的工况下更为重要。本文通过调研近年来国内外有关叶轮式压缩机防喘振技术的文献，阐述了叶轮式压缩机喘振产生的机理、判别方法以及喘振发生时的流场变化等物理特性；着重综述了通过限制压缩机入口流量防止喘振发生的被动控制、通过改变压缩机性能防止喘振的主动控制以及主动控制和被动控制相结合的主/被动控制3种控制策略的研究进展以及各自的优缺点；重点分析了基于信号分析与处理技术的压缩机喘振检测技术；展望了叶轮式压缩机防喘振技术未来的发展方向。综合分析表明，通过对叶轮式压缩机喘振物理特性的详细分析，设计出叶轮式压缩机防喘振控制策略，结合喘振检测技术，可以有效抑制压缩机喘振现象的发生。

关键词: 压缩气体储能, 叶轮式压缩机, 喘振, 流场分析, 控制策略

Abstract:

The performance of turbine compressors plays a crucial role in the overall efficiency of large-scale compressed gas energy storage systems. Surge, an inherent characteristic of turbo-compressors, cannot be eliminated but can be suppressed, significantly affecting the operational efficiency, safety, and stability of compressors. Thus, anti-surge technology is essential for ensuring the safe and stable operation of turbo-compressors, particularly in compressed gas energy storage systems, where compressors frequently start and stop. This study reviews recent developments in turbo-compressor anti-surge technologies, focusing on four key areas: First, it discusses the physical characteristics of turbo-compressor surge, including the mechanism behind surge generation, identification techniques, and flow field characteristics when a surge occurs. Second, it provides an overview of the progress in three anti-surge control approaches and their respective advantages and disadvantages, including passive control to prevent surge by limiting the compressor inlet flow, active control to prevent surge by changing the compressor performance, and active/passive control that combines active control and passive control. Third, it examines compressor surge detection technologies based on signal analysis and processing. Finally, it explores future trends in turbo-compressor anti-surge technologies. A comprehensive analysis indicates that a combination of an in-depth understanding of surge characteristics, a well-designed anti-surge control strategy, and advanced surge detection technologies can effectively suppress compressor surges.

Key words: compressed gas energy storage, turbo-compressor, surge, flow field analysis, control strategy

中图分类号:

TK 14

张一凡, 刘杰, 李亚南, 郝佳豪, 越云凯, 杨俊玲, 张振涛. 叶轮式压缩机喘振问题研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(1): 269-282.

Yifan ZHANG, Jie LIU, Ya'nan LI, Jiahao HAO, Yunkai YUE, Junling YANG, Zhentao ZHANG. Research progress on surge analysis and anti-surge of turbo-compressor[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(1): 269-282.

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控制类型	控制特点	优缺点
被动控制	通过限制压缩机入口最小流量，确保压缩机工作点运行在喘振线右侧安全区以防止喘振发生	设计和实现简单，可靠性高，响应时间短，成本低但控制精度低，反应滞后，缩小了压缩机运行范围，降低了压缩机效率
主动控制	通过改变压缩机自身性能，进而从压缩机内部对喘振现象进行抑制	控制能力精确，适应性强，能够集成先进技术和多变量控制，可以使压缩机的工作点越过原有喘振线，扩大了压缩机的运行范围，性能优化显著，但系统复杂性高，成本较高，维护要求高，实时性和计算要求高
主/被动控制	正常工况下采用主动控制进行防喘振控制，被动控制仅用于特殊或紧急情况	结合了主动控制与被动控制的优点，但只是割裂地使用二者，并没有实现二者真正的结合

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叶轮式压缩机喘振问题研究进展

Research progress on surge analysis and anti-surge of turbo-compressor

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