磁场调控下锂离子电池材料结构设计与离子传输机制研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0568

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

磁场作为一种在储能系统中逐渐引起关注的调控策略，在提升锂离子电池电化学性能方面展现出重要潜力，具体包括设计电极结构、促进Li⁺扩散、降低极化效应和抑制锂枝晶的生长等。然而，对于磁场调控的机制路径、材料响应规律及其构建策略，相关研究尚处于探索阶段，未形成统一的理论体系。本文在系统梳理相关文献的基础上，围绕磁场辅助电池结构设计和无接触式性能调控两大方向，综述了其在晶体取向诱导、无序相晶体结构构建、垂直孔隙设计、电极-电解质界面调控机制等方面的研究进展。同时，重点分析了磁场促进自旋态重构、磁性定向、磁致伸缩效应和磁流体动力学效应等核心机制，并总结了用于分析磁场调控机制与响应行为的原位表征技术和多物理场建模方法。在归纳当前研究成果的基础上，进一步提出当前亟待解决的问题，并从材料响应机制、构建策略及多场耦合等角度提出了后续研究方向，旨在为磁场调控策略在高能锂离子电池系统中的深入发展提供思路参考。

关键词: 磁场, 锂离子电池, 电化学性能, 磁响应机理, 磁性定向技术

Abstract:

Magnetic fields have emerged as a promising regulation strategy in energy storage systems, showing significant potential in enhancing the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), including improved electrode structure, accelerated Li⁺ diffusion, reduced polarization, and suppressed lithium dendrite growth. However, a unified theoretical framework is still lacking due to the coexistence of diverse perspectives regarding magnetic mechanisms, magnetic material responses, and construction strategies. This review systematically summarizes recent advances from two key perspectives: magnetic-field-assisted structural design of battery components and contactless performance regulation strategies. Key developments are discussed in areas such as the induction of crystal orientation, formation of disordered phase crystal structures, design of vertical pore architectures, and regulation of the electrode-electrolyte interface. Furthermore, the core mechanisms of magnetic spin state reconstruction, magnetic orientation, magnetostriction, and magnetohydrodynamic effects are analyzed in depth. Recent advances in in-situ characterization techniques and multi-physics modeling approaches for analyzing magnetic regulation mechanisms and material responses are comprehensively reviewed. Based on this comprehensive overview, key scientific challenges are identified, and future research directions are proposed in terms of material-level response mechanisms, structural design strategies, and multiphysics coupling. These insights aim to support further exploration of magnetic field regulation strategies in high-energy LIBs systems.

Key words: magnetic field, lithium-ion battery, electrochemical properties, magnetic response mechanism, magnetic orientation technology

中图分类号:

TM 911

孙家宝, 李乐, 徐行行, 张睿, 王新改, 王宁, 张海昌, 丁飞. 磁场调控下锂离子电池材料结构设计与离子传输机制研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0568.

Jiabao SUN, Yue LI, Hanghang XU, Rui ZHANG, Xingai WANG, Ning WANG, Haichang ZHANG, Fei DING. Recent Advances in Structure Design and Ion Transport Mechanisms of Lithium-Ion Battery Materials under Magnetic Field Regulation[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0568.

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路径类型	代表材料/结构	主要作用机制	关键性能指标提升	参考文献
电极材料	Fe₂O₃/NC、Li₃(V_1-xFe_x)₂(PO₄)₃	及时性与持续性特征磁响应、磁致伸缩效应	首圈容量+14%，长循环稳定性增强、高磁性含量组能量密度与功率密度协同增强	^{[52, 53]}
集流体	MOF-74/Ni、Co/ZnO、CoF₂	调控Li⁺沉积分布，构建平衡电场	可达10000 h稳定循环	^[54]^[55]^[56]
界面结构	γ-Fe₂O₃，Co-spc-COP	优化SEI组成与应力分布	循环寿命提升至4000~6600 h	^[58]^[59]
隔膜设计	TA-Co/PP，CN-NK	增强离子迁移选择性，构建局域三维MHD环境	锂枝晶抑制，界面稳定性提升	^[60]^[61]