锂离子电池高安全性阻燃电解液研究进展

doi:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0153

储能科学与技术 ›› 2018, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (6): 1040-1059.doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0153

锂离子电池高安全性阻燃电解液研究进展

许高洁¹, 王晓¹, 陆迪^1,2, 姜苗苗¹, 黄苏琪^1,3, 上官雪慧^1,4, 崔光磊¹

1. 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所, 青岛储能产业技术研究院, 山东青岛 266101;
2. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院, 山东青岛 266100;
3. 青岛大学化学化工学院, 山东青岛 266071;
4. 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所, 青海西宁 810008

收稿日期:2018-08-18 修回日期:2018-09-01 出版日期:2018-11-01 发布日期:2018-08-28
通讯作者: 崔光磊,研究员,主要研究方向为电化学储能材料及器件,E-mail:cuigl@qibebt.ac.cn。
作者简介:许高洁(1987-),男,助理研究员,主要研究方向为锂离子电池电解液,E-mail:xugj@qibebt.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（51625204，51502319），山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2016BQ18）。

Research progress of high safety flame retardant electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries

XU Gaojie¹, WANG Xiao¹, LU Di^1,2, JANG Miaomiao¹, HUANG Suqi^1,3, SHANGGUAN Xuehui^1,4, CUI Guanglei¹

1. Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China;
2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China;
3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China;
4. Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China

Received:2018-08-18 Revised:2018-09-01 Online:2018-11-01 Published:2018-08-28
Contact: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0153

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 商品锂离子电池在机械冲击、热冲击和过充短路等滥用条件下易发生起火燃烧甚至爆炸。为了解决这一安全性问题，需要开发高安全性阻燃电解液取代传统易燃烧的碳酸酯电解液。本文综述了高安全性阻燃电解液的研究进展，首先介绍了燃烧机理、阻燃机理和阻燃测试方法，再阐述锂离子电池对阻燃电解液的性质要求，并对阻燃电解液进行分类探讨，包括阻燃添加剂、阻燃溶剂（共溶剂）、高浓度阻燃电解液、离子液体和阻燃型凝胶聚合物电解质。重点对这些高安全性阻燃电解液的配方、阻燃效果、适用的电池体系进行详细阐述。最后对高安全性阻燃电解液未来的研究方向进行展望。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 安全性, 阻燃电解液

Abstract: Commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are easy to catch fire and even explode under abuse conditions such as mechanical shock, thermal shock, overcharge, and short circuit, et al. To resolve this safety concern, it is necessary to develop high safety flame retardant electrolytes replacing the highly flammable conventional carbonate-based electrolytes. This review presents the research progress of high safety flame retardant electrolytes for LIBs. Firstly, the mechanisms of combustion and flame retardant, together with the methods of flame retardant evaluation are introduced. Then, the LIBs demands on properties of flame retardant electrolytes are described, and flame retardant electrolytes are discussed by classifications:flame retardant additives; flame retardant solvents/cosolvents; highly concentrated electrolytes; ionic liquids; and flame retardant gel polymer electrolyte. The formulations, flame retardant effects, and applicable battery systems of these high safety flame retardant electrolytes are mainly focused. Finally, future research directions of high safety flame retardant electrolytes are prospected.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, safety, flame retardant electrolytes

中图分类号:

TQ028.8

许高洁, 王晓, 陆迪, 姜苗苗, 黄苏琪, 上官雪慧, 崔光磊. 锂离子电池高安全性阻燃电解液研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(6): 1040-1059.

XU Gaojie, WANG Xiao, LU Di, JANG Miaomiao, HUANG Suqi, SHANGGUAN Xuehui, CUI Guanglei. Research progress of high safety flame retardant electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(6): 1040-1059.

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锂离子电池高安全性阻燃电解液研究进展

Research progress of high safety flame retardant electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries

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