纳米增强型复合相变材料的传热特性

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高导热颗粒常被用来增强相变材料(phase change materials，PCMs）的固有导热性能。为研究纳米颗粒种类、含量和分散剂对纳米增强型复合相变材料(nano-enhanced PCMs, NePCMs）传热过程的影响，本文采用纳米石墨(nano graphite，NG）和纳米椰壳炭(nano coconut shell based-carbon，NC）来提高石蜡的导热性能，使用T型热电偶监测不同边界温度下各复合相变材料熔化过程的温度变化，并用红外热像仪观察整体的温度分布。实验结果表明：纳米颗粒能够增强PCMs的热传递性能，且相同浓度下添加纳米石墨的石蜡传热速率更快，但纳米颗粒在相变过程中易分散不均匀；分散剂能够改善纳米颗粒在PCMs中的分散性能从而增强NePCMs的传热速率，其中用油酸作分散剂时能最大程度促进NePCMs的传热；分散良好的情况下，NePCMs的传热性能随其浓度的增大而增强。

关键词: 复合相变材料, 石蜡, 纳米椰壳炭, 纳米石墨, 传热, 分散剂

Abstract:

Highly conductive particles have been used to improve the thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCMs). To investigate the influence of the type and concentration of nano-particles and dispersants on the heat transfer process of PCMs, nano graphite (NG) and nano coconut shell based-carbon (NC) were used in the study to improve the thermal conductivity of paraffin. Type T thermocouples were used to monitor the temperature variation during melting under different boundary temperatures in a climate chamber. Thermovision tests were conducted to illustrate the temperature distribution. It was found that nano-particles were able to enhance the heat transfer of PCMs. The heat transfer of the PCMs with NG outperformed the PCMs with NC under same concentration. However, the distribution of nano-particles within the PCMs was not uniform. Dispersant, especially oleic acid, was able to improve the distribution of nano-particles, resulting in the improvement of heat transfer of NePCMs. When the nano-particles distributed evenly in the PCMs, the heat transfer rate of NePCMs increased with increasing concentration.

Key words: nano-enhanced phase change materials (NePCMs), paraffin, nano-coconut shell-based carbon, nano-graphite, heat transfer, dispersant

中图分类号:

TK 02

刘丽辉, 莫雅菁, 孙小琴, 李杰, 李传常, 谢宝姗. 纳米增强型复合相变材料的传热特性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(4): 1105-1112.

LIU Lihui, MO Yajing, SUN Xiaoqin, LI Jie, LI Chuanchang, XIE Baoshan. Thermal behavior of the nanoenhanced phase change materials[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(4): 1105-1112.

图/表 14

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

参考文献 27

1	Al-ABIDI A A, MAT S B, SOPIAN K, et al. Review of thermal energy storage for air conditioning systems[J]. Renewable& Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012, 16(8): 5802-5819.
2	MEMON S A, LIAO W, YANG S, et al. Development of composite PCMs by incorporation of paraffin into various building materials[J]. Materials, 2015, 8(2): 499.
3	KHATEEB S A, AMIRUDDIN S, FARID M, et al. Thermal management of Li-ion battery with phase change material for electric scooters: Experimental validation[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2005, 142(1/2): 345-353.
4	SABBAH R, KIZILEI R, SELMAN J R, et al. Active (air-cooled) vs. passive (phase change material) thermal management of high power lithium-ion packs: Limitation of temperature rise and uniformity of temperature distribution[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 182(2): 630-638.
5	叶锋, 曲江兰, 仲俊瑜, 等. 相变储热材料研究进展[J]. 过程工程学报, 2010, 10(6): 1231-1241.
	YE Feng, QU Jianglan, ZHONG Junyu, et al. Research advances in phase change materials for thermal energy storage[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2010, 10(6): 1231-1241.
6	SHARMA A, TYAGI V V, CHEN C R, et al. Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009, 13(2): 318-345.
7	BAETENS R, JELLE B P, GUSTAVSEN A. Phase change materials for building applications: A state-of-the-art review[J]. Energy & Buildings, 2010, 42(9): 1361-1368.
8	关志猛. 石蜡基复合相变材料的制备研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳建筑大学, 2018.
	GUAN Zhimeng. Study on the preparation of paraffin based composite phase change materials[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang Jianzhu University, 2018.
9	ZHAO C Y, LU W, TIAN Y. Heat transfer enhancement for thermal energy storage using metal foams embedded within phase change materials (PCMs)[J]. Solar Energy, 2010, 84(8): 1402-1412.
10	WU S Y, WANG H, XIAO S, et al. An investigation of melting/freezing characteristics of nanoparticle-enhanced phase change materials[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry, 2012, 110(3): 1127-1131.
11	MILLS A, FARID M, SELMAN J R, et al. Thermal conductivity enhancement of phase change materials using a graphite matrix[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2006, 26(14/15): 1652-1661.
12	KIM S, DRZA L, LAWRENCE T, et al. High latent heat storage and high thermal conductive phase change materials using exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets[J]. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 2009, 93(1): 136-142.
13	METTAWE E, EMANBELLAH S, ASSASS A, et al. Thermal conductivity enhancement in a latent heat storage system[J]. Solar Energy, 2007, 81(7): 839-845.
14	WU S, ZHU D, ZHANG X, et al. Preparation and melting/freezing characteristics of Cu/paraffin nanofluid as phase-change material (PCM)[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2010, 24(3): 1894-1898.
15	KUMARESAN V, VELRAJ R, DAS S K. The effect of carbon nanotubes in enhancing the thermal transport properties of PCM during solidification[J]. Heat & Mass Transfer, 2012, 48(8): 1345-1355.
16	MURUGAN P, GANESH K P, KUMARESAN V, et al. Thermal energy storage behaviour of nanoparticle enhanced PCM during freezing and melting[J]. Phase Transitions, 2017 (4): 1-17.
17	陶艳平. 导热增强型复合相变材料的影响因素及传热机理研究[D]. 郑州: 河南工业大学, 2016.
	TAO Yanping. Study on influencing factors and heat transfer mechanism of heat conduction enhanced composite phase change materials[D]. Zhengzhou: Henan University of Technology, 2016.
18	夏莉, 张鹏, 周圆, 等. 石蜡与石蜡/膨胀石墨复合材料充/放热性能研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2010, 31(5): 610-614.
	XIA Li, ZHANG Peng, ZHOU Yuan, et al. Study on the charging/discharging characteristics of paraffin and paraffin/expanded graphite composite material[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2010, 31(5): 610-614.
19	杨学贵, 曾攀. 纳米级石墨晶体的各向异性力学性能的计算[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2006, 14(3): 375-383.
	YANG Xuegui, ZENG Pan. Numerical simulation of anisotropic mechanical properties of nano-graphite crystals[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2006, 14(3): 375-383.
20	邱海鹏, 刘朗. 高导热炭基功能材料[J]. 新型炭材料, 2002, 17 (4): 80.
	QIU Haipeng, LIU Lang. Carbon matrix function materials of high thermal conductivity[J]. New Carbon Materials, 2002, 17 (4): 80.
21	高晓晴, 郭全贵, 刘朗, 等. 高导热炭材料的研究进展[J]. 功能材料, 2006, 37(2): 173-177.
	GAO Xiaoqing, GUO Quangui, LIU Lang, et al. The study progress on carbon materials with high thermal conductivity[J]. Journal of Functional Materials, 2006, 37(2): 173-177.
22	KUMARASINGHE K D M S P K, KUMARA G R A, RAJAPAKSE R M G, et al. Activated coconut shell charcoal based counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells[J]. Organic Electronics, 2019, 71: 93-97.
23	JEFFRY S N A, JAYA R P, HASSAN N A, YACCOB H, et al. Mechanical performance of asphalt mixture containing nano-charcoal coconut shell ash [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 173: 40-48.
24	谢凤, 葛世荣, 李新年, 等. 表面活性剂在润滑油中对纳米石墨分散稳定性的影响[J]. 润滑与密封, 2012, 37(4): 1-5.
	XIE Feng, GE Shirong, LI Xinnian, et al. Influence of surfactants on the dispersion stability of nanographite in the lubricating oil[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2012, 37(4): 1-5.
25	JOHNATHAN J V, SANESHAN G, PETER V. Heat transfer enhancement in nano-fluids suspensions: Possible mechanisms and explanations[J]. International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer, 2005, 48(13): 2673-2683.
26	KHALIL K, KAMBIZ V, MARILYN L. Buoyancy-driven heat transfer enhancement in a two-dimensional enclosure utilizing nanofluids[J]. International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer, 2003, 46(19): 3639-3653.
27	麦松威. 高等无机结构化学第二版[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2006: 381.

材料	熔化峰值温度/℃	熔化相变焓/kJ·kg^-1
纯石蜡	27.59	188.0
0.02 % NC-PCM	27.62	177.5
0.02 % NG-PCM	27.59	173.0
0.06 % NG-PCM	27.66	170.3
0.10 % NG-PCM	27.90	151.0

[1]	李钰颖, 魏雯珍, 李琦, 吴玉庭. 可用于低中温热能储存的四元硝酸盐/埃洛石/石墨定型复合材料的制备与研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(3): 1044-1051.
[2]	郭云琪, 盛楠, 朱春宇, 饶中浩. 基于模板法制备氧化铝纤维及其石蜡复合相变材料热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(2): 511-520.
[3]	安治国, 张显, 祝惠, 张春杰. 蜂窝状CPCM/水冷复合式圆柱型锂电池散热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(1): 211-220.
[4]	王青萌, 刘志, 程晓敏, 程千驹, 吕泽安. In元素对Sn-Bi-Zn传热储热合金高温容器相容性的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(1): 9-18.
[5]	朱鸿章, 吴传平, 周天念, 邓捷. 磷酸铁锂和三元锂电池外部过热条件下的热失控特性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(1): 201-210.
[6]	吴炜, 李守成, 谢纬安. 翅片参数与PCM材料对散热器传热影响实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(6): 2303-2311.
[7]	鲁博辉, 师志成, 张永学, 赵泓宇, 王梓熙. 石蜡/Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒复合相变材料在管壳式储热单元中的储/放热性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(5): 1709-1719.
[8]	罗伊默, 芮金金, 徐薇, 彭晋卿, 折晓会, 李念平, 丁玉龙. 热化学储热反应器内水合盐物性调控及传热传质优化研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(4): 1273-1284.
[9]	罗新梅, 古家安. 不同长径比的分形肋片强化PCM熔化传热数值分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(2): 523-533.
[10]	徐众, 侯静, 李军, 吴恩辉, 黄平, 唐亚兰. 不同粒径活性炭/肉豆蔻酸复合相变材料[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(1): 177-189.
[11]	邓婷婷, 蔡颖玲. 笼屉式水箱中膨胀石墨对石蜡熔化和凝固过程的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(1): 190-197.
[12]	王海民, 王寓非, 胡峰. 石墨-石蜡复合相变材料的圆柱型动力电池组热管理性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(1): 210-217.
[13]	盛鹏, 徐丽, 赵广耀, 韩燕, 吴玉庭. 新型混合硝酸熔盐的制备及热物性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(1): 170-176.
[14]	涂航, 张航, 刘丽辉, 李杰, 孙小琴. 相变混凝土墙体的传热性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(1): 287-294.
[15]	叶闻杰, 杨肖, 孙富华, 杨冬梅, 杜炜, 杨波, 刘杨, 王启扬. 基于微通道平板换热器的相变材料放热性能影响研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(6): 1747-1754.