一种面向电池组均衡模型的定量评价体系

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0260

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

不同的均衡模型都可以使电池组进入均衡状态，但其均衡表现却各不相同。以往关于均衡技术评价的研究中，主要以定性分析为主。为了明确各种模型的优势和劣势以及寻找更优的均衡模型，提出了一种用于电池组均衡模型的定量评价体系。以均衡结构成本、均衡时间、可用SOC以及平均热功率作为评价指标，以均衡结构和均衡策略所组成的均衡模型作为评价对象，以96节锂离子电池串联组成电池组模型，并设置电池组初始SOC符合正态分布。通过计算以及建模仿真得到评价指标的具体数值，对数值进行归一化处理，使用雷达图对比分析不同模型的优缺点，计算综合性能值对比分析不同模型的综合表现。以4种具有典型结构的飞渡均衡模型为例，使用定量评价体系进行分析，4种均衡模型都可以使电池组进入均衡状态，其中飞渡电感模型均衡时间最短，飞渡电阻模型均衡结构成本最低，飞渡绕组模型综合表现最差，飞渡电容模型综合表现最优。该定量评价体系可快速、有效地对多种电池组均衡模型进行多维度及综合性能的评价。

关键词: 定量, 均衡模型, 飞渡形式

Abstract:

Various equalization models can be used to balance a battery pack, but their equalization performance is different. In previous reports, a qualitative analysis was the primary method used to evaluate balancing technologies. To clarify the advantages and disadvantages of various models and to find a better equalization model, this paper presents a quantitative evaluation system for a battery pack equalization model. The equalization structure cost, equalization time, available state of charge (SOC), and average thermal power are used as evaluation indexes. The equalization model is composed of an equalization structure and an equalization strategy, and the battery pack model consists of 96 lithium-ion batteries in series, with an initial SOC of the battery pack set to conform to a normal distribution. The value of the evaluation index is obtained through simulation and is normalized. The advantages and disadvantages of different models are compared using a radar chart and the comprehensive performance value is calculated to compare the performance of different models. Four typical flying equalization models are used as examples, and analysis with the quantitative evaluation system indicate that the four equalization models are able to effectively equalize the battery pack. The balance time of the flying inductance model was the shortest, the balancing structure cost of the flying resistance model was the lowest, the comprehensive performance of the flying winding model was the worst, and the comprehensive performance of the flying capacitor model was the best. In summary, the quantitative evaluation system can quickly and effectively evaluate the multi-dimensional and comprehensive performance of multiple battery pack equalization models.

Key words: quantitative, equalization model, flying form

中图分类号:

TM 912

王敏旺, 吴华伟, 刘祯. 一种面向电池组均衡模型的定量评价体系[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(1): 271-279.

Minwang WANG, Huawei WU, Zhen LIU. Quantitative evaluation system for battery pack equalization model[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(1): 271-279.

图/表 18

表1

电池组模型参数"

电池组电池数量	成组形式	单体电池额定电压	单体电池额定容量	电池组初始SOC
96	串联	3.7 V	2.6 A·h	以均值 $μ = 95$ 标准差 $σ = 1$ 生成96个符合正态分布的SOC值

表1

图1

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图4

图5

图6

表2

图7

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图9

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图11

图12

表3

表4

图13

表5

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结构形式	开关数量N_S	电阻数量N_R	电容数量N_C	电感数量N_L	绕组数量N_W	二极管数量N_D	成本C
飞渡电阻	2n	1	0	0	0	0	385
飞渡电容	2n	0	1	0	0	0	385
飞渡电感	2n+2	0	0	1	0	0	389
飞渡绕组	2n+1	0	0	0	2	1	389

结构形式	均衡时间T/s	可用SOC/%	平均热功率P/W	均衡结构成本C
飞渡电阻	2343	92.67	0.1034	385
飞渡电容	5830	94.06	0.002451	385
飞渡电感	1187	93.97	0.03901	389
飞渡绕组	7269	94.77	0.05873	389

结构形式	均衡时间T/s	可用SOC	平均热功率P/W	均衡结构成本C
飞渡电阻	0.242	0.083	0.917	0.083
飞渡电容	0.720	0.635	0.083	0.083
飞渡电感	0.083	0.599	0.385	0.917
飞渡绕组	0.917	0.917	0.548	0.917

结构形式	综合性能K	排名
飞渡电阻	4.5	3
飞渡电容	127.1	1
飞渡电感	20.4	2
飞渡绕组	2.0	4

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