锂离子电池植入传感技术

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0183

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电化学储能作为实现低碳电力系统的关键技术，近年来项目建设快速增长，其安全问题也日益突出。近10年间，全球至少发生30余起储能电站起火爆炸事故，提升运行效率、安全性、稳定性已刻不容缓。高安全高稳定的锂离子储能系统是电力行业发展的必然选择。现有基于模组层级的传感技术已不能完全满足有效预警的迫切需求，亟待发展新型智能传感技术。单体层级传感是破解储能锂电池高安全高稳定难题的有效途径。单体层级植入传感技术，可获得全寿命周期单体内部温度场、应变场、气压、气体等多传感信息，有望实现早预警、早隔离、早处置。本文将系统综述这一先进技术面临的诸多难题、挑战与最新进展，具体包括以下3个方面：植入传感器长寿命需求与单体内部电化学腐蚀条件的矛盾(测得准)、传感器植入需求与电池全寿命周期稳定服役的矛盾（埋得进）、传感信号高效传输需求与电池单体外壳电磁屏蔽的矛盾(传得出)。进一步，展望植入传感技术在锂离子电池早期热失控预警、全生命周期电化学特性方面的重要应用。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 植入传感器, 内部信号, 信号传输, 电磁屏蔽

Abstract:

Electrochemical energy storage is a key technology to achieve low-carbon electricity system. With the rapid growth of energy storage station construction, safety issues also became prominent gradually. In the past decade, several fire and explosion accidents occurred in energy storage stations around the world, illustrating the urgent requirement of safer, more efficient and stable operation. Lithium-ion energy storage system with high safety and reliability is an inevitable choice for the development of the power industry. Present monitoring technology based on module level has met its limitation on efficient early warning, requiring the development of new intelligent sensing techniques. Integrated sensing techniques at the cell level is an effective way to enhance the safety and stability of energy storage lithium-ion batteries. Integrated sensing techniques based on cell level can obtain internal information of battery, including temperature, strain, pressure, and gas, which would be useful for early warning, early isolation, and early handling. This review systematically introduced the difficulties, challenges, and latest progress of this advanced technology, from the following three aspects. To achieve accurate measurement, sensors need to solve the contradiction between long lifetime and electrochemical corrosion inside battery. To meet successful implantation, the contradiction between need for integrated sensors and stable working battery during its lifetime needs to be solved. To realize signal transmission, sensing signals need to solve the contradiction between effective transmission and electromagnetic shielding of battery case. The applications of integrated sensing technology in early warning of thermal runaway and electrochemical characteristics with all lifetime have further prospected.

Key words: lithium ion battery, integrated sensor, internal signal, signal transmission, electromagnetic shielding

中图分类号:

TM 912.9

辛耀达, 李娜, 杨乐, 宋维力, 孙磊, 陈浩森, 方岱宁. 锂离子电池植入传感技术[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1834-1846.

XIN Yaoda, LI Na, YANG Le, SONG Weili, SUN Lei, CHEN Haosen, FANG Daining. Integrated sensing technology for lithium ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1834-1846.

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