不同类型气体探测对磷酸铁锂电池储能舱过充安全预警有效性对比

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0240

储能科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (8): 2452-2462.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0240

不同类型气体探测对磷酸铁锂电池储能舱过充安全预警有效性对比

石爽¹(), 吕娜伟¹, 马敬轩¹, 尹康涌², 孙磊², 张宁³, 金阳¹()

^1.郑州大学电气工程学院，河南郑州 450001
^2.国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，江苏南京 211103
^3.郑州熙禾智能科技有限公司，河南郑州 450001

收稿日期:2022-05-06 修回日期:2022-06-06 出版日期:2022-08-05 发布日期:2022-08-03
通讯作者: 金阳 E-mail:18537135250@163.com;yangjin@zzu.edu.cn
作者简介:石爽（1997—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为储能系统安全，E-mail：18537135250@163.com；
基金资助:
河南省重点研发与推广项目(212102210011)

Comparative study on the effectiveness of different types of gas detection on the overcharge safety early warning of a lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage compartment

Shuang SHI¹(), Nawei LYU¹, Jingxuan MA¹, Kangyong YIN², Lei SUN², Ning ZHANG³, Yang JIN¹()

^1.School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
^2.State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. , Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, Nanjing 211103, Jiangsu, China
^3.Zhengzhou Xihe Intelligent Technology Co. , Ltd. , Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China

Received:2022-05-06 Revised:2022-06-06 Online:2022-08-05 Published:2022-08-03
Contact: Yang JIN E-mail:18537135250@163.com;yangjin@zzu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究储能舱内不同探测器预警有效性对储能系统的安全运行具有重要意义。本工作首先介绍了磷酸铁锂电池热失控过程和产气机理，以13 Ah和50 Ah方形硬壳磷酸铁锂电池为研究对象，搭建了典型储能舱环境，采用1 C电流对电池单体过充至热失控，同时监测电池表面温度、电压及舱内可见光和红外图像，采用H₂、CO、VOC、可燃气探测器、烟感和温感进行安全预警，分析了不同探测器对电池热失控预警的有效性。试验结果表明，在电池过充至热失控的过程中，所有探测器报警由先到后排序为H₂、CO、VOC、感烟探测器，可燃气探测器和感温探测器未报警。电池的容量越高，过充后产气的量越大，产生的白烟也更明显，且H₂、CO、VOC这些特征气体探测器报警的时间越早，更有利于大容量电池的热失控预警；其中H₂探测器报警时间早、变化特征明显，更适合预警电池热失控；烟感的报警时间过晚，不能有效预警。研究结果可为磷酸铁锂储能舱热失控预警提供有效的试验和数据支撑。

关键词: 磷酸铁锂电池, 热失控, 储能舱, 气体预警, 有效性

Abstract:

The effectiveness of early warning from different detectors in an energy storage cabin is essential for the safe operation of an energy storage system. First, the thermal runaway process and gas production mechanism of lithium iron phosphate batteries are introduced. A typical energy storage cabin environment was constructed, taking 13 Ah and 50 Ah prismatic lithium iron phosphate batteries as research objects. A 1 C current was used to overcharge the battery cells to thermal runaway. At the same time, H₂, CO, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), combustible detectors, smoke, and temperature sensors were used to provide a safety early warning, and the effectiveness of different detectors for the early warning of battery thermal runaway was analyzed. The test results showed that when overcharging batteries with different capacities to thermal runaway, the alarms of all detectors were generally H₂, CO, VOCs, smoke detectors, and combustible gas detectors, but the temperature detectors did not provide an alarm. A higher battery capacity was associated with larger amounts of gas and white smoke produced after overcharging and an earlier alarm time from the characteristic gas detectors, such as H₂, CO, and VOCs, which is more conducive to the thermal runaway warning of large-capacity batteries. Among them, the H₂ detector had an early alarm time and obvious change characteristics, which is more suitable for early warning of battery thermal runaway. The alarm time of the smoke detector was too late, and it did not provide an effective warning. These results can provide effective experimental data to highlight the need for an early warning of thermal runaway in lithium iron phosphate energy storage cabins.

Key words: lithium iron phosphate battery, thermal runaway, energy storage cabin, gas warning, effectiveness

中图分类号:

TM 911.3

石爽, 吕娜伟, 马敬轩, 尹康涌, 孙磊, 张宁, 金阳. 不同类型气体探测对磷酸铁锂电池储能舱过充安全预警有效性对比[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(8): 2452-2462.

Shuang SHI, Nawei LYU, Jingxuan MA, Kangyong YIN, Lei SUN, Ning ZHANG, Yang JIN. Comparative study on the effectiveness of different types of gas detection on the overcharge safety early warning of a lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage compartment[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2452-2462.

图/表 11

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不同类型气体探测对磷酸铁锂电池储能舱过充安全预警有效性对比

Comparative study on the effectiveness of different types of gas detection on the overcharge safety early warning of a lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage compartment

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