飞轮储能系统电机转子散热研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0261

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电机是飞轮储能系统实现电能-动能转换的关键部件，其小体积、大功率的设计特点以及真空运行环境导致电机转子温升问题突出，常规的定子水套冷却已不能满足高功率密度电机转子的散热降温需求。本文首先阐述了飞轮储能电机转子发热的原因及危害，分析了转子涡流损耗、电机温度场的计算方法。回顾了飞轮电机转子被动冷却、主动冷却的研究进展，其中被动冷却包括热辐射与导热，主动冷却包括空心轴内通流冷却与热管冷却，并评估了各种方法的飞轮储能适用性。综合分析表明，强化电机定、转子内部绝缘材料导热以及增强热辐射可以一定程度上防止电机内部热量积聚，降低电机的温度梯度；热管易于安装、集成度高、传热性能优异，但其随轴的旋转传热缺乏验证；空心轴内流冷却技术成熟度高、设计制造简单、传热效果好，可作为高功率密度飞轮电机转子冷却的首选方案。针对MW飞轮储能电机转子散热难题，提出了中空轴内通流冷却的新方案。

关键词: 飞轮储能系统, 电机转子, 散热系统, 空心轴通流冷却, 热管

Abstract:

Motor-generators (MGs) for converting electric energy into kinetic energy are the key components of flywheel energy storage systems (FESSs). However, the compact diameters, high-power design features of MGs, and vacuum operating settings of FESSs cause the MG rotor's temperature to increase, leading typical cooling water jackets to fail in meeting the heat dissipation needs of high-power density MG rotors. This study expands upon the causes of and harm generated by the heat production of FESS MG rotors and analyzes the calculation methods for the rotor eddy current losses and MG temperature fields. Moreover, this work also presents research progress on the passive and active cooling of MG rotors. Note that passive cooling includes heat radiation and conduction, while active cooling include shollow shaft fluid and heat pipe cooling. The applicability of the methods provided in the FESS is evaluated. The heat buildup can be preventedup to a point. The temperature gradients inside MGs can also be lowered by improving the heat conduction of the insulation materials inside the stators and rotor sand enhancing thermal radiation. Heat pipes have a simple installation, high integration, and excellent heat transfer performance. Unfortunately, the heat transmission effects cannot be proven while the shafts spin. The hollow shaft fluid cooling technology has avery mature, straight forward design and construction and a good heat transfer effect; hence, it can be used as the first choice for the rotor cooling of MGs with high-power density flywheels. Finally, a fresh hollow shaft flow cooling system is put forth to solve the heat dissipation issue in MW FESS MG rotor cooling.

Key words: flywheel energy storage system, motor/generator rotor, heat dissipation system, hollow shaft fluidcooling, heat pipe

中图分类号:

TK 02

焦渊远, 王艺斐, 戴兴建, 张华良, 陈海生. 飞轮储能系统电机转子散热研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(10): 3131-3144.

Yuanyuan JIAO, Yifei WANG, Xingjian DAI, Hualiang ZHANG, Haisheng CHEN. Overview of the motor-generator rotor cooling system in a flywheel energy storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(10): 3131-3144.

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研究小组	国别	转子材料	E/kWh	P/kW	应用
阿尔伯塔大学	加拿大	—	—	—	铁路
得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校	美国	复合材料	130	2000	铁路
得克萨斯农工大学	美国	钢	100	100	电网
弗吉尼亚大学	美国	复合材料	1	—	—
哈尔滨工程大学	中国	复合材料	10	—	风电/车辆
汉阳大学	韩国	复合材料	35	—	—
华北电力大学(北京)	中国	复合材料	50	500	风电/电网
华中科技大学	中国	—	2.78	350	风电
加州大学伯克利分校	美国	钢	0.14	30	—
江苏大学	中国	—	—	130	车辆
伦敦大学学院	英国	钢	5	10	—
铁道技术研究所	日本	复合材料	100	300	可再生能源
维也纳工业大学	奥地利	复合材料	5	—	—
乌普萨拉大学	瑞典	复合材料	0.867	—	—
谢菲尔德大学	英国	—	10	500	电网

制造商	转子材料	E/kWh	P/kW	应用
Active Power	钢	2.83	675	多方向
Adaptive Balancing Power	复合材料	12	400	车辆
Amber Kinetics	钢	32	8	多方向
Beacon Power Gen 4	复合材料	25	100	调频
Boeing	复合材料	5	3	—
Calnetix/Vycon	钢	0.52	125	UPS
Caterpillar	—	5	675	UPS
Dynamic Boosting System	钢	—	—	—
Gerotor	—	0.065	50	—
GKN Hybrid Power	复合材料	0.44	120	车辆
Gyrotricity	钢	5	100	调频/铁路
Helix Power	复合材料	25	1000	电网
Hitachi ABB	—	—	2000	风电
Kinetic Traction Systems	复合材料	—	333	多方向
Levistor Flywheel	钢	5	100	—
Oxto Energy	—	7.5	65	多方向
Piller Group	钢	2.9	625	多方向
Power Thru	复合材料	0.63	190	UPS
Punch Flybrid	钢	0.167	—	多方向
Ricardo TorqStor	复合材料	0.056	101	车辆
Rosetta T2	复合材料	4	500	能量回收
Rotonix	复合材料	12	1100	多方向
Stornetic	复合材料	4	22	电网/铁路
Temporal Power	钢	50	100～500	调压
Vycon	钢	1.74	350	多方向
北京泓慧	—	35	1000	多方向
华驰动能	钢	125	500	多方向
深圳坎德拉	钢	35	1000	多方向

文献	冷却方式	类型	适用性	文献	冷却方式	类型	适用性
[55-56]	空心轴内通流冷却	专利	+	[64]	转子内流冷却	期刊	-
[57]	空心轴内通流冷却	期刊	?	[65-72]	轴内回流	专利	+
[58]	变截面空心轴	期刊	?	[73]	轴内回流	期刊	+
[59]	变截面空心轴	学位	?	[74-77]	热管冷却	专利	?
[60]	变截面空心轴	期刊	?	[78-79]	热管冷却	专利	+
[63]	转子内流冷却	专利	+	[80-81]	热管冷却	期刊	+

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