钾离子电池电解液的研究进展及展望

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0256

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钾离子电池(PIBs)具有资源丰富、成本低廉、环境友好及能量密度高等优点，成为替代锂离子电池(LIBs)的理想新型储能体系。尽管近年来PIBs在电极领域的研究已经取得了显著进展，但当前钾离子电池电解液的研究仍在初级阶段，其设计和使用面临如电解液和电极之间严重的副反应，导致不稳定的固-液界面和低库仑效率等诸多挑战。因此，发展优良的电解液是PIBs实现产业化应用的关键。本文对近年来PIBs电解液的特点及研究进展进行了综述和讨论。首先聚焦于有机电解液、水系电解液、离子液体电解液和固体电解质等4个主流电解液的发展现状和前景，着重介绍了有机电解液中的酯基电解液和醚基电解液，总结了当前PIBs电解液面临的关键问题，包括安全性较差(有机电解液)、电位窗口窄(水系电解液)、离子电导率相对较低(固体电解质)、成本高(离子液体电解液)等，讨论了新型电解液的改性设计和解决方案。本综述的目的是阐述电解液在PIBs中的重要性，探究当前和新兴的PIBs电解液的应用潜力，并对电解液未来发展提出了一些建议和前景。

关键词: 钾离子电池, 有机电解液, 水系电解液, 离子液体电解液, 固体电解质

Abstract:

Owing to the abundant resources, low cost, environmental friendliness and high energy density, Potassium ion batteries (PIBs) become an ideal novel energy storage system to replace the lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Although remarkable progress has been made in the research of PIBs in the field of electrodes in recent years, the research of electrolytes for potassium ion batteries is still in its infancy, and its design and application face many challenges, such as serious side reactions between electrolytes and electrodes, unstable solid-liquid interfaces and low Coulombic efficiency. Therefore, the development of an excellent electrolyte is the key to realize industrial application of PIBs. Herein, we review the characteristics and research progress of PIBs electrolytes in recent years. Firstly, we focus on the development status and prospect of four mainstream electrolytes, such as organic electrolyte, aqueous electrolyte, ionic liquid electrolyte and solid electrolyte. Ester-based electrolyte and ether-based electrolyte in organic electrolyte are emphatically introduced. The key problems faced by PIBs electrolyte at present are summarized, including poor safety (organic electrolyte), narrow potential window (aqueous electrolyte), low ionic conductivity (solid electrolyte) and high cost (ionic liquid electrolyte). And discuss the modification design and solutions of new electrolytes. The review purposes to expound the importance of electrolytes in PIBs, explores the application potential of current and emerging PIBs electrolytes, and puts forward some suggestions and prospects for the future development of electrolytes.

Key words: potassium ion battery, organic electrolyte, aqueous electrolytes, ionic liquid electrolyte, solid electrolyte

中图分类号:

TM 911.3

王轩臣, 王达, 刘朝孟, 高宣雯, 骆文彬. 钾离子电池电解液的研究进展及展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(5): 1409-1426.

Xuanchen WANG, Da WANG, Zhaomeng LIU, Xuanwen GAO, Wenbin LUO. Research progress and prospect of potassium ion battery electrolyte[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(5): 1409-1426.

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Materials	Electrolyte	Current density@Cycle number	Capacity/(mAh/g)	Refs
Graphite	1 mol/L KPF₆ EC/DEC	20 mA/g@200	246	[29]
K_0.5MnO₂	1 mol/L KFSI FTEP	100 mA/g @100	75	[30]
K_1.7Fe[Fe(CN)₆]_0.9	0.5 mol/L KPF₆ EC/DEC	100 mA/g @100	140	[31]
Graphite	3∶8 (KFSI∶TMP)	0.2 C@2000	220	[34]
Graphite	2 mol/L KFSI TEP	0.2 C@500	275	[33]
Bi/rGO	0.8 mol/L KFSI EC/DEC	50 mA/g@50	290	[32]
Graphite	1 mol/L KPF₆ EC/DME	50 mA/g@500	220	[40]
TiS₂	1 mol/L KPF₆ DME	4.8 A/g@600	63	[51]
Graphite	1 mol/L KPF₆ DME	2.8 A/g@3500	87	[52]
PAQS	1 mol/L KOH	2 A/g@10000	128	[59]
PAQS-K	0.5 mol/L KTFSI DOL/DME	20 mA/g@50	190	[60]
KTi₂(PO₄)₃	30 mol/L KAc	1 A/g@11000	58	[63]
K _x Fe _y Mn₁_-y [Fe(CN)₆] _w ·zH₂O	22 mol/L KCF₃SO₃	100 C@10000	94	[57]
PTCDA	PPCB-SPEs	20 mA/g@40	113	[75]
K/PEO 50%KFSI/Ni₃S₂@Ni	PEO-KFSI	25 mA/g@100	312	[77]
K-S	K-BASE	C/4.2@1000	297	[78]
Graphite	Pyr₁₄TFSI	250 mA/g@1500	42	[83]
K_2/3Ni_2/3Te_1/3O₂	KTFSI/Pyr₁₃TFSA	C/20@100	128	[61]
K₂Mn[Fe(CN)₆]	K(PF₆)_0.75(FSA)_0.25/EC/DEC	15.5 mA/g@20	130	[87]
KPB@PPy@Cloth	KCl-PVA	500 mA/g@200	107	[88]

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