基于相变储热的集成式太阳能集热器研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0720

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

太阳能集热器固有的间歇性和季节性特征，使其运行稳定性常受到挑战，而相变材料(PCM)凭借其出色的储热密度和恒温相变特性，被视为一种极具潜力的能源载体，为加强集热器稳定性开辟了新的研究路径。本文介绍了相变储热技术与太阳能集热器集成的能量分析方法和㶲分析方法，得出集成式集热器性能评价指标和经济性分析指标，同时概述了集成式集热器中PCM的两种主要封装方式，几何封装和整体封装，而且不同类型集热器所采用的封装方式不同。接着详细探讨了集成PCM对平板集热器、真空管集热器及光伏/热(PV/T)集热器性能和经济性的影响，并针对PCM导热性不佳的问题，综述了当前优化集成式集热器性能的主要技术，包括添加翅片以增大换热面积、提升PCM自身的导热性及应用微热管技术以提高传热效率三种强化传热技术。最后，综合评估了集成PCM对太阳能集热器综合性能及经济性的影响，并对集成式集热器的优化方向和研究重点进行了展望，旨在进一步提升其实用性，为促进可再生能源的高效、广泛应用贡献力量。

关键词: 太阳能集热器, 相变储热, 集热器效率, 强化传热

Abstract:

Solar collectors are frequently challenged by their inherent intermittency and seasonality. However, phase-change materials (PCMs) are considered a highly promising energy carrier due to their excellent thermal storage density and constant phase-change characteristics, providing a new research direction for enhancing collector stability. This paper presents the energy and exergy analysis methods for integrating phase change thermal storage technology with solar collectors and derives performance evaluation and economic analysis indicators for integrated collectors. It also summarizes that the packaging methods for PCMs in integrated collectors primarily include geometric and integral packaging, and different types of collectors use different packaging methods. Second, the paper discusses the impact of integrating PCMs on the performance and economic benefits of flat plate collectors, vacuum tube collectors, and photovoltaic/thermal collectors. It summarizes the primary technologies for optimizing the performance of integrated collectors, including increasing the heat transfer area by adding fins, enhancing the thermal conductivity of PCMs, and improving the heat transfer efficiency using micro-heat pipe technology. Finally, the impact of integrated PCMs on the comprehensive performance and economic feasibility of solar collectors was summarized. The optimization and research direction of integrated collectors were prospected to enhance their practical applicability and contribute to the efficient use of renewable energy.

Key words: solar collector, phase change heat storage, collector efficiency, enhancing heat transfer

中图分类号:

TK 513.5

艾雄杰, 袁俊, 吕伟中, 万力. 基于相变储热的集成式太阳能集热器研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(12): 4409-4420.

Xiongjie AI, Jun YUAN, Weizhong LYU, Li WAN. Research progress of integrated solar collector based on phase-change heat storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(12): 4409-4420.

图/表 11

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表1

高导热性复合PCM的集成研究"

相变材料	导热材料	熔化温度 /℃	潜热值 /(kJ/kg)	导热性提升/%	集热器类型	研究结果	文献来源
石蜡	铜纳米颗粒	59.6	160.3	31.4	平板集热器	复合PCM热导率提高24%，集热效率提升了8.4%	[59]
硬脂酸	膨胀石墨	53.0	163.5	960.0	真空管集热器	加入膨胀石墨可有效提升PCM的储放热速率	[60]
石蜡	单壁碳纳米管	35.5	190.0	12.0	平板集热器	复合PCM在自然对流下的储热量提高了20.7%，强制对流下提高了21.2%	[61]
石蜡	多壁碳纳米管	—	—	—	PV/T集热器	与传统系统相比，利用复合PCM作为冷却介质可以提高系统的电效率	[62]
六水氯化钙	泡沫铜	31.8	170.8	220.0~230.0	平板集热器	集成复合PCM的集热器日平均集热效率降低了12.8%，热峰迁移能力更强，可以在夜间释放更多的热能	[63]
石蜡	泡沫铜	38.0~43.0	135.0	—	真空管集热器	集成复合PCM的集热器热效率比集成纯PCM的集热器效率高5%	[64]
石蜡	多壁碳纳米管+SiO $2$ 纳米颗粒	56.0~60.0	190.0	87.8	平板集热器	集成复合PCM的集热器热效率提高了5%~7%，出口水温提高了17 ℃	[65]

表1

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