原位氮掺杂石墨烯的制备及超级电容器性能研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1204

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超级电容器作为一种重要的储能器件，其电化学性能的好坏与电极材料密不可分。若将石墨烯与聚苯胺结合制备成复合材料，利用其双电层电容和法拉第电容两种储电方式，可大大提高超级电容器的储电能力。本工作运用原位聚合的方式把聚苯胺纳米线沉积在石墨烯的片层之上，利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)，傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)，X射线衍射仪(XRD)对掺杂态聚苯胺在石墨烯表面的形貌及成分进行表征和分析；再将聚苯胺/石墨烯浆料涂抹于泡沫镍板上，制备成石墨烯复合电极，并组装成超级电容器；借助电化学工作站对组装后电容器展开循环伏安测试、恒流充放电测试以及电化学阻抗测试。结果发现，聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料可以经受一个比较宽的电流密度范围，有较好的电容和循环稳定性。在1 A/g的电流密度下进行测试，聚苯胺/石墨烯复合电极质量比电容为336 F/g。聚苯胺/石墨烯复合电极的比电容与石墨烯电极的比电容相比较，提高了44%；与石墨电极的比电容相比，更是提高了560.1%。由此可以看出，采用原位聚合方法在石墨烯表面生成的聚苯胺纳米线与石墨烯结合得更好，有助于赝电容的发挥，可大大提高石墨烯超级电容器的比电容，促进了石墨烯在超级电容器方面的应用。

关键词: 复合材料, 聚苯胺, 氮掺杂, 石墨烯, 超级电容器

Abstract:

Supercapacitors are important energy storage devices, and their electrochemical performance is intrinsically linked to the electrode materials. The storage capacity of supercapacitors can be enhanced by combining graphene and polyaniline to form a composite material. This is achieved using dual storage modes: bilayer capacitance and Faraday capacitance. In this study, polyaniline (PANI) nanowires were deposited onto graphene sheets via in situ polymerization. The morphology and composition of the doped PANI/graphene composite were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. The composite slurry was coated onto a nickel foam plate to prepare graphene composite electrodes, which were then assembled into supercapacitors. The electrochemical performance of the assembled capacitors was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PANI/graphene composite exhibits good capacitance, cycling stability, and adaptability to high current densities. The mass-specific capacitance of the PANI/graphene composite was 336 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. The specific capacitances of the graphene and graphite electrodes were 44% and 560.1% higher, respectively. The in situ polymerization method ensured strong interfacial bonding between PANI nanowires and graphene, enhanced the pseudocapacitance contributions, and significantly improved the specific capacitance of graphene supercapacitors. These findings promote the application of graphene in supercapacitors.

Key words: composite, polyaniline, nitrogen-doped, graphene, supercapacitor

中图分类号:

TB 332

赵云鹏, 李彦芳, 崔昕浩, 孙海燕, 滕莹雪. 原位氮掺杂石墨烯的制备及超级电容器性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(6): 2270-2277.

Yunpeng ZHAO, Yanfang LI, Xinhao CUI, Haiyan SUN, Yingxue TENG. In situ synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene for supercapacitor applications[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(6): 2270-2277.

图/表 7

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参考文献 19

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