“锂电+超级电容”混合构网型储能仿真分析及实证研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0359

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

将锂电池能量密度高、放电时间长、循环寿命短、经济成本低、安全性差的技术经济特性与超级电容功率密度高、放电时间短、循环寿命长、经济成本高、安全性好的技术经济特性充分结合，以优势互补组建“锂电+超级电容”的混合储能系统，并配置构网型变流器，形成“锂电+超级电容”混合构网型储能系统。基于构网型储能应用场景，明确了构网型控制方案，探索了锂电池承担低频大容量功率调节需求、超级电容分担高频小功率调节需求的混合储能能量分配方案，并基于Matlab/Simulink构网型储能+新能源系统仿真模型和全国首个混合构网型储能示范工程进行了仿真分析及实证测试。结果表明，基于两种不同储能本体的“异构电压源”可并联使用，且能充分发挥两种储能本体的技术优势，弥补单一储能形式的不足，并基于混合储能能量分配方案延长系统使用寿命，提升构网型储能场站全生命周期的技术经济性。本研究有助于推动“锂电+超级电容”的混合构网型储能系统在新能源场站、局部弱电网地区的推广应用，为电网提供电压及频率支撑，提升新能源并网发电量，推动新型电力系统建设及能源转型。

关键词: 混合储能, 构网型储能, 主动支撑, 新能源发电

Abstract:

Fully combine the technical and economic characteristics of lithium batteries, such as high energy density, long discharge time, short cycle life, low economic cost, and poor safety, with the technical and economic characteristics of supercapacitors, including high power density, short discharge time, long cycle life, high economic cost, and good safety. Complement each other's advantages to form a hybrid energy storage system consisting of lithium batteries and supercapacitors, and configure a grid-forming converter to establish a hybrid grid-forming energy storage system with lithium batteries and supercapacitors. Based on the application scenarios of grid-forming energy storage, the grid-forming control scheme is clarified, and a hybrid energy storage power distribution scheme is explored, where lithium batteries are responsible for the power regulation requirements of low frequency and large capacity, and supercapacitors share the power regulation requirements of high frequency and small power. Moreover, simulation analysis and tests are carried out based on the simulation model of the grid-forming energy storage with new energy system in Matlab/Simulink and the first national hybrid grid-forming energy storage demonstration project. The results show that the "heterogeneous voltage sources" based on two different energy storage entities can be used in parallel, and the technical advantages of the two energy storage entities can be fully utilized to make up for the deficiencies of a single energy storage form. And the service life of the system can be extended based on the hybrid energy storage power distribution scheme. Improve the technical and economic performance of grid-forming energy storage stations throughout their entire life cycle. This research helps to promote the popularization and application of the hybrid grid-forming energy storage system with "lithium batteries + supercapacitors" in new energy stations and regions with weak grids, provides support for the power grid, increases the grid-connected power generation of new energy, and promotes the construction of a new power system and energy transformation.

Key words: hybrid energy storage, grid-forming energy storage, active support, new energy power generation

中图分类号:

TM 715

刘静佳, 苏新凯, 赵璐璐, 陈彦桥, 金翼. “锂电+超级电容”混合构网型储能仿真分析及实证研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(7): 2675-2688.

Jingjia LIU, Xinkai SU, Lulu ZHAO, Yanqiao CHEN, Yi JIN. Simulation analysis and verification research on the hybrid-gfm energy storage system with “lithium batteries + supercapacitors”[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(7): 2675-2688.

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