微型压缩空气储能热电联供系统变负荷运行特性

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0166

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (9): 3488-3499.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0166

• 储能系统与工程 • 上一篇

微型压缩空气储能热电联供系统变负荷运行特性

郑彦霖¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 郭欢¹^,²^,⁴(), 尹钊¹^,²^,⁴, 徐玉杰¹^,²^,⁴, 张华良¹^,²^,⁴, 陈海生¹^,²^,⁴()

^1.中国科学院工程热物理研究所，北京 100190
^2.中科南京未来能源系统研究院，江苏南京 211135
^3.中国科学院大学南京学院，江苏南京 211135
^4.长时规模储能重点实验室(中国科学院)，北京 100190

收稿日期:2025-02-20 修回日期:2025-03-11 出版日期:2025-09-28 发布日期:2025-09-05
通讯作者: 郭欢,陈海生 E-mail:zhengyanlin@iet.cn;guohuan@iet.cn;chen_hs@mail.etp.ac.cn
作者简介:郑彦霖（2000—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事压缩空气储能的研究，E-mail：zhengyanlin@iet.cn；
基金资助:
北京市自然科学基金(3232041);中国科学院国际合作局重点项目(117GJHZ2023009MI);山东能源研究院（SEI）(SEI U202301);科学探索奖

Variable-load operating characteristics of heat and power cogeneration system based on micro compressed air energy storage

Yanlin ZHENG¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), Huan GUO¹^,²^,⁴(), Zhao YIN¹^,²^,⁴, Yujie XU¹^,²^,⁴, Hualiang ZHANG¹^,²^,⁴, Haisheng CHEN¹^,²^,⁴()

^1.Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
^2.Nanjing Institute of Future Energy System, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, Jiangsu, China
^3.School of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, Jiangsu, China
^4.Key Laboratory of Long-Duration and Large-Scale Energy Storage (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Beijing 100190, China

Received:2025-02-20 Revised:2025-03-11 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-09-05
Contact: Huan GUO, Haisheng CHEN E-mail:zhengyanlin@iet.cn;guohuan@iet.cn;chen_hs@mail.etp.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于微型压缩空气储能(Micro CAES)的热电联供系统具有结构简单的优势，由于小规模电、热用户不断变化的能量需求，这类系统常运行于连续变化的负荷下，以往的研究对连续变负荷下该类系统的动态特性研究不足。通过建立了Micro CAES热电联供系统完备的动态和控制模型，该模型考虑了系统的变工况特性和容积惯性，基于该模型，研究了储、释能过程的连续变负荷调节特性以及不同负荷率下的系统充放电循环性能。结果表明，连续变负荷下，压缩机组的实际功率跟随设定功率良好，功率最大超、欠调量均在9%以下。储能过程中，蓄热与换热器对系统㶲效率的提升随负荷率的降低而增大。释能过程运行时，负荷率越低，各级等熵效率越低，同时调节阀的节流效应对释能过程㶲效率的负面影响也越大。该系统最大能够产生0.61的往返效率，0.82的能量效率。负荷率越低，充放电循环的往返效率和能量效率均降低，但供能的热电比更高。该研究为Micro CAES系统应用于分布式能源系统提供理论参考。

关键词: 压缩空气储能, 连续变负荷, 控制, ?效率, 动态特性

Abstract:

The heat and power cogeneration system based on micro compressed air energy storage (micro CAES) offers a simple structure and operational flexibility. Owing to the constantly changing energy demands of small-scale electricity and heat users, such systems frequently operate under variable loads. However, the dynamic characteristics of these systems under continuous variable loads have not been sufficiently investigated. This paper establishes a comprehensive dynamic and control model for the micro CAES cogeneration system, considering variable operating conditions and the effects of volume inertia. Based on this model, the continuous variable load regulation characteristics during energy storage and release processes, as well as the charge-discharge cycle performance under different load rates, are analyzed. The results show that under continuous variable loads, the actual power output of the compressor and expander units closely follows the set values, with maximum power deviation remaining below 9%. During energy storage, the system's exergy efficiency improvement attributed to the heat storage and heat exchanger increases as the load rate decreases. Conversely, during energy release, lower load rates lead to reduced isentropic efficiency at each stage and exacerbate the negative effects of the throttling valve on the exergy efficiency of the energy release process. The system achieves a maximum round-trip efficiency of 0.61 and an energy efficiency of 0.82. While decreasing the load rate reduces the round-trip and energy efficiencies of the charge-discharge cycle, it results in a higher heat-to-power ratio of the supplied energy. This study provides a theoretical reference for the application of micro CAES systems in distributed energy systems.

Key words: compressed air energy storage, continuous variable load, control, exergy efficiency, dynamic characteristics

中图分类号:

TK 02

郑彦霖, 郭欢, 尹钊, 徐玉杰, 张华良, 陈海生. 微型压缩空气储能热电联供系统变负荷运行特性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(9): 3488-3499.

Yanlin ZHENG, Huan GUO, Zhao YIN, Yujie XU, Hualiang ZHANG, Haisheng CHEN. Variable-load operating characteristics of heat and power cogeneration system based on micro compressed air energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(9): 3488-3499.

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参数	值	参数	值
压缩机压比	3.5	电动机容量/kW	75
压缩机级数	4	发电机容量/kW	60
膨胀机膨胀比	4.5	首级压缩机入口温度/K	293
膨胀机级数	3	其余压缩机入口温度/K	318.15
压缩机等熵效率	0.83	首级压缩机出口温度/K	474.2
膨胀机等熵效率	0.8743	其余压缩机出口温度/K	484
压缩段流量(kg/s)	0.115	高温蓄热温度/K	453
膨胀段流量/(kg/s)	0.148	低温蓄热温度/K	293
每级压缩机功率/kW	18.75	膨胀机入口温度/K	443
每级膨胀机功率/kW	20	膨胀机出口温度/K	308
中冷器流量/(kg/s)	0.0529	储气室体积/m³	65.55
再热器流量/(kg/s)	0.0681	储气室表面积/m²	56.55

微型压缩空气储能热电联供系统变负荷运行特性

Variable-load operating characteristics of heat and power cogeneration system based on micro compressed air energy storage

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