储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (9): 3476-3487.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0138

• 储能系统与工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

直线电机重力储能系统充放电策略优化

艾立旺1,2(), 王伟伟1, 蒋思远1,2, 封海潮1,2, 肖磊1,2, 许孝卓1,2()   

  1. 1.河南理工大学电气工程与自动化学院，河南 焦作 454003
    2.河南省智能装备直驱技术与控制国际联合实验室，河南 焦作 454003
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-22 修回日期:2025-03-21 出版日期:2025-09-28 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者: 许孝卓 E-mail:ailiwang@hpu.edu.cn;xxz@hpu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:艾立旺（1989—），男，博士，副教授，直线电机与新型电磁直驱装备、新型重力储能/发电系统，E-mail：ailiwang@hpu.edu.cn；
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52307050);河南省科技攻关项目(252102241048);河南省高等学校重点科研项目应用研究计划(24A470005);河南理工大学自然科学基金-杰出青年基金项目(J2024-5);河南理工大学青年骨干教师资助计划(2024XQG-01)

Charging and discharging strategy optimization of linear machine gravity energy storage systems

Liwang AI1,2(), Weiwei WANG1, Siyuan JIANG1,2, Haichao FENG1,2, Lei XIAO1,2, Xiaozhuo XU1,2()   

  1. 1.School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan, China
    2.Henan International Joint Laboratory of Direct Drive and Control of Intelligent Equipment, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan, China
  • Received:2025-02-22 Revised:2025-03-21 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-09-05
  • Contact: Xiaozhuo XU E-mail:ailiwang@hpu.edu.cn;xxz@hpu.edu.cn

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摘要：

为了降低重力储能系统的充电成本和放电成本，本文基于直线电机重力储能系统(Linear machine gravity energy storage system, LMGESS)提出了动态调整法和初始序列重组法。首先，介绍了直线电机重力储能系统的拓扑结构和工作原理；然后，基于储能需求量与光伏发电容量的关系以及额定充电功率与光伏出力功率的关系，将光伏出力归纳为三种情况；同时，对比了三种情况下动态调整法与传统充电方法(额定功率法)的单位容量充电成本；最后，考虑到直线电机重力储能系统运行过程中存在状态转移特性，引入初始序列重组法对直线电机重力储能系统参与自动发电控制(automatic generation control, AGC)辅助服务的过程进行优化。结果表明，直线电机重力储能系统充电过程采用动态调整法的单位容量充电成本低于额定功率法。即使两种方法的单位容量充电成本相同，但动态调整法的储能容量明显高于额定功率法；初始序列重组法对降低直线电机重力储能系统的放电成本有明显的效果。通过初始序列重组法优化后，直线电机重力储能系统参与AGC的放电成本降低了31.3%；在不同初始重物序列中，系统产生的最低放电成本与最高放电成本相比，降低了57.5%。

关键词: 储能技术, 直线电机, 重力储能, 充放电成本

Abstract:

To reduce the charging and discharging costs of gravity energy storage systems, this paper proposes a dynamic adjustment method and an initial sequence recombination method based on a linear machine gravity energy storage system (LMGESS). First, the structure and operational mechanism of the LMGESS are described. Then, considering the relationship between energy storage demand and photovoltaic power generation capacity, as well as the relationship between rated charging power and photovoltaic output power, the photovoltaic output is categorized into three cases. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of the charging cost per unit capacity is conducted between the dynamic adjustment method and the traditional rated power charging method in these cases. Finally, taking into account the state transition characteristics of the LMGESS, the initial sequence recombination method was introduced to optimize its participation in automatic generation control (AGC) auxiliary services. The results show that the dynamic adjustment method achieves a lower charging cost per unit capacity compared to the rated power method during LMGESS charging. Even when the charging costs per unit capacity of both methods are the same, the energy storage capacity realized by the dynamic adjustment method is significantly higher. Moreover, the initial sequence recombination method substantially reduces the discharging cost of the LMGESS. After optimization, the discharging cost of the LMGESS participating in AGC is reduced by 31.3%, and the minimum discharging cost under different initial heavy object sequences is 57.5% lower than the maximum discharging cost.

Key words: energy storage technology, linear machine, gravity energy storage, charging-discharge cost

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