基于数字孪生的锂电池热电耦合模型构建与仿真分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0539

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在碳达峰碳中和背景下，有效缩短大规模储能电站内部锂电池运行仿真时间、提高仿真结果精度，对提高锂电池CFD(computational fluid dynamics)仿真效率和安全管理水平具有重要的意义。针对现有仿真模型无法支撑锂电池运行状态快速、精确仿真的问题，本文提出一种基于数字孪生的锂电池热电耦合模型构建方法。首先，设计了锂电池数字孪生结构体系并分析了热电耦合模型构建原理；其次，考虑到ANSYS TwinBuilder平台的LTI ROM降阶模型具有计算耗时短、仿真精度高的特点，分析热力学模型和等效电路模型之间的耦合机理，基于ANSYS TwinBuilder建立锂电池热电耦合数字孪生模型；进而，分别采用最小二乘算法和原理分析法对等效电路模型和热力学模型参数进行离线辨识，并考虑老化、温度等因素影响，利用递推最小二乘算法实现对等效电路模型参数的在线辨识；最后，分别在Simulink和ANSYS Icepak中搭建锂电池等效电路模型和热力学模型，将其耦合到ANSYS TwinBuilder平台中，并从多维度进行了算例仿真分析，与实验结果进行对比验证了本文所提模型的高效性和精确度。

关键词: 锂电池, 数字孪生, 热电耦合, 参数辨识, ANSYS TwinBuilder

Abstract:

In the context of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, shortening the operation simulation time and improving the accuracy of simulation results are of great significance for lithium batteries in large-scale energy storage power stations to improve the CFD simulation efficiency and safety management level. Aiming to solve the problem that the existing simulation models cannot support the fast and accurate simulation of their operation states, we propose a method for constructing a thermoelectric coupling model of lithium batteries based on the digital twin. First, the digital twin structure system of lithium batteries is designed and the principle of thermoelectric coupling model construction is analyzed. Second, considering that the LTI reduced-order model of the ANSYS TwinBuilder platform has the characteristics of short calculation time and high simulation accuracy, the coupling mechanism between the thermodynamic model and the equivalent circuit model is analyzed. In addition, a lithium battery thermoelectric coupling digital twin model is established based on the ANSYS TwinBuilder. Further, the parameters of the equivalent circuit model and thermodynamic model are identified offline by the least-squares algorithm and principle analysis, respectively. Considering the influence of factors such as aging and temperature, the recursive least-squares algorithm is used to identify the parameters of the equivalent circuit model online. Finally, the lithium battery equivalent circuit model and thermodynamic model are built in Simulink and ANSYS Icepak, respectively, and coupled to the ANSYS TwinBuilder platform. Moreover, we perform simulation analysis from multiple dimensions. The results of the comparison between the simulation and experimental values demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model.

Key words: lithium battery, digital twin, thermoelectric coupling, parameter identification, ANSYS TwinBuilder

中图分类号:

TM 912

周宇昊, 徐椤赟, 张钟平, 刘灵冲, 南斌, 赵海祺. 基于数字孪生的锂电池热电耦合模型构建与仿真分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(2): 536-543.

Yuhao ZHOU, Luoyun XÜ, Zhongping ZHANG, Lingchong LIU, Bin NAN, Haiqi ZHAO. Construction and simulation analysis of thermoelectric coupling model of lithium battery based on digital twin[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(2): 536-543.

图/表 12

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

表2

锂电池热力学参数"

参数名称	密度/( $k g / m 3$ )	导热系数/[ $W / (m · K)$ ]
正极材料	2840	3.9
负极材料	1617	3.3
隔膜	658	0.4
外壳	7817	14.4
正极耳	2700	240
负极耳	8933	387.6

表2

图5

表3

图6

图7

表4

等效电路模型参数在线辨识变化情况"

等效电路模型参数	变化情况
$R o$	增加0.015 Ω
$R e$	增加0.001 Ω
$R d$	增加0.0015 Ω
$C e$	0
$C d$	0

表4

图8

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参数名称	规格
电池体系	磷酸铁锂电池
容量	2 Ah
标称电压	3.20 V
充电截止电压	3.65 V
放电截止电压	2.50 V

仿真模型	CFD仿真时间	降阶模型仿真时间
电池单体	55 s	0.012 s
电池包	3 min 17 s	49 s

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