压缩空气储能系统动态运行特性

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0181

储能科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (6): 1840-1853.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0181

压缩空气储能系统动态运行特性

孙晓霞¹(), 桂中华¹, 高梓玉²^,³, 周冰倩²^,³, 刘夏², 张新敬²^,³^,⁴(), 郭欢²^,³, 李文²^,³, 盛勇²^,³, 朱阳历²^,³, 周健¹, 徐玉杰²^,³

^1.国网新源控股有限公司抽水蓄能技术经济研究院，北京 100761
^2.中国科学院工程热物理研究所，北京 100190
^3.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
^4.中科南京未来能源系统研究院，江苏南京 211135

收稿日期:2023-03-27 修回日期:2023-04-03 出版日期:2023-06-05 发布日期:2023-06-21
通讯作者: 张新敬 E-mail:sunxiaoxia520@126.com;zhangxinjing@iet.cn
作者简介:孙晓霞（1990—），女，工学硕士，工程师，研究方向为抽水蓄能及新型储能技术应用，E-mail：sunxiaoxia520@126.com；
基金资助:
北京市自然科学基金(JQ21010);国家杰出青年科学基金(51925604);国家电网公司科技项目(525730210003)

Dynamic characteristics of compressed air energy storage system

Xiaoxia SUN¹(), Zhonghua GUI¹, Ziyu GAO²^,³, Bingqian ZHOU²^,³, Xia LIU², Xinjing ZHANG²^,³^,⁴(), Huan GUO²^,³, Wen LI²^,³, Yong SHENG²^,³, Yangli ZHU²^,³, Jian ZHOU¹, Yujie XU²^,³

^1.Pumped-storage Technological & Economic Research Institute, Beijing 100761, China
^2.Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
^3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^4.Nanjing Institute of Future Energy System, Nanjing 211135, Jiangsu, China

Received:2023-03-27 Revised:2023-04-03 Online:2023-06-05 Published:2023-06-21
Contact: Xinjing ZHANG E-mail:sunxiaoxia520@126.com;zhangxinjing@iet.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发展基于可再生能源为主体的新型电力系统，支撑“碳达峰、碳中和”战略目标的实现，由于风、光等可再生能源的间歇性、波动性、周期性等特点，需要集成大规模长时储能系统，提升风光等可再生能源发电的品质与可控性，压缩空气储能具有效率高、成本低、环境友好等优点，被认为是最具发展潜力的大规模长时储能技术。压缩空气储能系统通常为定容储气，因此其储能(储气)过程与释能(释气)过程处于动态，本工作围绕储/释能过程的压力变化，开展了压缩空气储能系统不同运行模式特性研究，建立了部件的动态模型，通过仿真获得了系统主要部件的工作特性，以及系统的总体性能。研究结果表明，在释能过程采取定压和滑压结合模式和扩大储气室压力变化范围可以提高TS-CAES系统效率和能量密度。释能时间为6 h，系统效率和能量密度分别为 73.98%、26.49 MJ/m³。

关键词: 压缩空气储能系统, 动态特性, 定压运行, 滑压运行, 系统性能

Abstract:

Renewable energy is aimed to be the main part of a new electrical system to support the strategic goal of "Carbon Peak, Carbon Neutrality"; however, due to the drawbacks of intermittence, fluctuation, and periodicity of renewable energy, large-scale, long-duration energy storage systems urgently need to improve the quality and flexibility of renewable energy. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is considered one of the most promising large-scale long-duration energy storage technologies with high efficiency, low cost, and environment-friendly merits. Generally, the CAES system utilizes constant-volume storage caverns. Thus, the charging and discharging processes are under dynamic conditions, especially the storage pressure. Various CAES operation modes, including dynamic component features, are investigated due to the dynamic pressure conditions and system modeling. Similarly, the operation characteristics and performance of both component-level and system-level are analyzed. The results show that the combination of constant pressure and sliding pressure mode in the discharging process, and enlarging the pressure range of the air chamber, can improve the round-trip efficiency and energy density of the TS-CAES system, which are 73.98% and 26.49 MJ/m³, respectively, at the discharging time of 6 hours.

Key words: compressed air energy storage, dynamic characteristics, constant-pressure operation, sliding-pressure operation, system performance

中图分类号:

TK 02

孙晓霞, 桂中华, 高梓玉, 周冰倩, 刘夏, 张新敬, 郭欢, 李文, 盛勇, 朱阳历, 周健, 徐玉杰. 压缩空气储能系统动态运行特性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(6): 1840-1853.

Xiaoxia SUN, Zhonghua GUI, Ziyu GAO, Bingqian ZHOU, Xia LIU, Xinjing ZHANG, Huan GUO, Wen LI, Yong SHENG, Yangli ZHU, Jian ZHOU, Yujie XU. Dynamic characteristics of compressed air energy storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(6): 1840-1853.

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指标	数值
环境温度	298 K
环境压力	0.1 MPa
储气室体积	11200 m³/16500 m³/21700 m³/26800 m³
释能时间	4 h/6 h/8 h/10 h
储气室最高压力	10 MPa

储能过程	数值	释能过程	数值
压缩机背压	10 MPa	膨胀机入口压力	7 MPa
压缩机总功率	10 MW	膨胀机总功率	10 MW
压缩机等熵效率	0.84	膨胀机等熵效率	0.88
间冷器两端换热温差/压损	5 K/0.02 MPa	再热器两端换热温差/压损	5 K/0.02 MPa
空气质量流量	18.0427 kg/s	空气质量流量	28.7062 kg/s
压缩机压比	2.2191	膨胀机膨胀比	2.8192
热罐入口热水混合温度	389.2 K	再热器出口热水混合温度	302.7 K

运行模式	储能时间/s	释能时间/s	储能效率/%	膨胀效率/%	储能密度/(MJ/m³)
模式1	30769	17873	70.75	88.00	12.96
模式2	30769	21805	71.54	87.99	13.22
模式3	61729	48115	73.10	84.05	26.18
模式4	61729	52208	73.98	87.97	26.49

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压缩空气储能系统动态运行特性

Dynamic characteristics of compressed air energy storage system

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