基于风冷的锂离子电池充放电设备热特性影响研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0688

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对锂离子电池充放电设备内电池组温升过高、温度一致性不好的问题，以风冷系统充放电设备为研究对象，基于数值传热学理论，建立热力学计算模型并结合测试验证。通过抽象充放电设备散热特征，提取了两个影响电池组热特性的主要因素。针对不同托盘通风结构及不同风机布局分别设计了研究方案，并分析了不同托盘通风孔、不同托盘环形风口、不同风机位置及不同风机数量对电池组热特性及充放电设备流场的影响。结果表明：充放电设备放电温升测试数据与仿真数据接近，说明热力学模型准确；托盘通风孔对电池组热特性有一定积极影响，但作用有限；托盘环形风口通过提升电池表面湍动能强度，增强电池表面对流换热效果，从而对电池组热特性起关键作用；风机位置正对电池时，电池组具备更好的换热效果；风机数量与电池组热特性呈正相关关系，当风机数量为6时，既能满足电池组热特性，又能提高系统能耗。研究结果可为锂离子电池充放电设备的热特性管理提供一定的指导。

关键词: 风冷, 锂离子电池, 充放电设备, 热特性, 数值模拟

Abstract:

This study focused on air-cooling methods to address challenges associated with high temperature and consistent thermal distribution in battery packs with lithium-ion battery charging and discharging equipment. This study establishes a thermodynamic calculation model based on numerical heat transfer theory, which was validated through practical testing. By abstracting heat dissipation characteristics, two main factors influencing the thermal behavior of battery packs are identified. Various research schemes are devised to explore diverse tray ventilation structures and fan layouts. The study analyzes the effects of different tray vents, tray annular vents, fan locations, and fan quantities on the thermal characteristics of battery packs and the associated flow fields in lithium-ion battery charging and discharging equipment. Results demonstrate that rise in temperature during equipment discharge closely aligns with simulation data, affirming the accuracy of the thermodynamic model. While tray vents positively affect the thermal characteristics of the battery pack, their effect is somewhat limited. Notably, annular vents on the tray emerge as crucial contributors, enhancing turbulent kinetic energy and convective heat transfer on the battery surface. Optimal heat transfer is achieved when the fan directly faces the batteries, and the number of fans positively correlates with battery pack thermal characteristics. With six fans, the system meets the thermal performance requirements of the battery pack and improves overall energy consumption. The research results offer valuable insights for effectively managing the thermal characteristics of lithium-ion battery charging and discharging equipment.

Key words: air cooling, lithium-ion battery, charging and discharging equipment, thermal characteristics, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TM 911

刘剑, 于立博, 吴振兴, 牟介刚. 基于风冷的锂离子电池充放电设备热特性影响研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(3): 914-923.

Jian LIU, Libo YU, Zhenxing WU, Jiegang MOU. Effect of thermal characteristics of lithium-ion battery charging and discharging equipment on air cooling[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(3): 914-923.

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指标	数值	指标	数值
尺寸/mm	Φ 46xH 95	放电截止电压/V	2.8
容量/Ah	30	充电上限电压/V	4.2
内阻/mΩ	1.25	质量/g	421
额定电压/V	3.7	能量密度/(Wh/kg)	280

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