车用机电复合储能系统的能量特性分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0778

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对混合动力汽车制动能量回收-释放过程中多元能量转化形式限制的问题，本工作提出了一种新型的车用机电复合储能系统。车辆减速时，系统可将一部分汽车后轮传递的动能转化为电化学能存储于电池中，其余部分直接以动能形式储存。首先，分析了该系统在汽车加速、减速工况下的能量转换特性，推导出电磁耦合器在额定状态下机械端口、电气端口的转换功率。其次，基于MATLAB/Simulink中建立的系统模型，讨论了汽车以60 km/h初速度减速至42 km/h下巡航时系统的功率特性和能量特性，减速过程中电磁耦合器输出功率由1.257 kW增大到1.546 kW，其传递的功率约为额定功率的1.14 $~$ 1.41倍。此过程中，该系统可将来自汽车后轮动能的72.34%直接储存于飞轮中，27.66%的能量经电磁耦合器电气端口转换后储存于电池中。最后，搭建了车用机电复合储能系统运行试验台，验证了系统的合理性。

关键词: 混合动力, 能量回收, 飞轮储能, 电磁耦合器, 能量转换

Abstract:

Limiting multiple energy conversions when recovering braking energy in hybrid electric vehicles is a new technical solution for the dynamic coupling of flywheel and powertrain systems. In these systems, the kinetic energy lost by a decelerating rear wheel can be stored in two forms: as electrochemical energy stored in the battery or as kinetic energy for the next acceleration. First, the energy-conversion characteristics of accelerating and decelerating vehicles are analyzed to deduce the conversion efficiency of electromagnetic couplers at mechanical and electrical ports under the rated state. Second, based on a system model established using Matlab and simulink, the power characteristics and energy characteristics of the system are discussed for a vehicle decelerating from an initial speed of 60 to 42 km/h. During deceleration, the output power of the electromagnetic coupler increases from 1.257 to 1.546 kW. The transmission power is about 1.14-1.41 times the rated power. In this process, 72.34% of the kinetic energy from the rear wheel can be directly stored in the flywheel, and 27.66% of the energy can be stored in the battery after being converted by the electric port of the electromagnetic coupler. Finally, we test the electromechanical composite energy storage system to verify the rationality of the system.

Key words: hybrid power, energy recovery, flywheel energy storage, electromagnetic coupler, energy conversion

中图分类号:

U 469.7

李红, 吕江毅, 宋建桐, 闫栋. 车用机电复合储能系统的能量特性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(3): 906-913.

Hong LI, Jiangyi LV, Jiantong SONG, Dong YAN. Analysis of energy characteristics of electromechanical composite energy storage system for vehicles[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(3): 906-913.

图/表 12

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

车用机电复合储能系统参数"

参数	数值	参数	数值
汽车质量/kg	1500	第1级齿轮副速比	1∶4
车轮半径/m	0.3	第2级齿轮副速比	1∶5
飞轮转动惯量/kg $·$ m²	0.3	耦合器额定功率/kW	1.1
飞轮最高转速/(r/min)	20000	额定转速/(r/min)	1000
飞轮初始转速/(r/min)	5610	额定转矩/Nm	10

表1

图5

表2

车用机电复合储能系统功率转换情况"

外转子角速度/ $(r a d / s)$	内转子角速度/ $(r a d / s)$	输入功率 /kW	输出功率 /kW	转差功率 /kW
215.7	125.7	2.157	1.257	0.900
212.6	128.9	2.126	1.290	0.836
209.4	131.3	2.094	1.313	0.781
206.3	132.7	2.062	1.328	0.734
203.2	134.9	2.032	1.349	0.683
200.0	138.6	2.000	1.386	0.614
196.9	139.1	1.968	1.392	0.576
193.7	140.8	1.937	1.408	0.529
190.6	142.9	1.906	1.430	0.476
187.4	143.1	1.874	1.432	0.442
184.3	143.4	1.843	1.435	0.408
181.2	143.9	1.811	1.439	0.372
178.0	145.1	1.780	1.451	0.329
175.0	146.5	1.749	1.466	0.283
171.7	147.4	1.717	1.474	0.243
168.6	148.0	1.686	1.480	0.206
165.5	150.0	1.655	1.500	0.155
162.3	152.5	1.623	1.525	0.098
159.2	154.5	1.592	1.546	0.046

表2

图6

表3

图7

表4

电磁耦合器功率特性"

时间/s	外转子角速度/ $(r a d / s)$	内转子角速度/ $(r a d / s)$	输入功率/W	输出功率/W	转差功率/W
2.09	199.2	27.1	4983.3	677.9	4305.4
2.79	197.2	43.3	4932.9	1082.8	3850.1
3.28	195.2	52.4	4882.5	1310.2	3572.3
3.92	192.1	67.5	4803.8	1687.9	3115.9
4.56	189.3	82.8	4734.5	2070.0	2664.4
5.33	185.4	96.8	4636.8	2420.3	2216.5
5.95	182.5	108.8	4564.4	2720.6	1843.8
6.75	178.7	129.9	4469.9	3248.3	1221.5
7.59	174.4	149.0	4362.8	3726.0	636.7
8.49	169.6	163.3	4243.1	4085.4	157.6

表4

图8

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参数	数值	参数	数值
内转子励磁电流/A	<1.8	额定功率/kW	4.0
耦合器额定功率/kW	4.0	额定转速/(r/min)	2890
耦合器额定转速/(r/min)	1528	额定转矩/Nm	13.2
耦合器额定转矩/Nm	25.0	储能飞轮惯量/kg·m²	2.99
耦合器磁极对数	3	惯性飞轮惯量/kg·m²	4.82
驱动电机额定电压/V	220	第1级V带传动比	1∶1.20
驱动电机额定电流/A	8.29	第2级V带传动比	1∶1.73

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