火焰喷雾热解法生产锂离子电池高镍三元正极材料的技术经济分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0558

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

正极材料约占锂离子电池制造成本的三成，是影响动力电池价格的主要因素；采用火焰喷雾热解法生产三元正极材料能耗低、设备少，可降低锂离子电池的制造成本。本文研究的主要目标是定量评估采用火焰喷雾热解法生产高镍三元正极材料的技术经济可行性。计算火焰喷雾热解法生产LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂(NCM811)的原料、燃料、排放产物质量流量和盈亏平衡条件下的最低销售价格，并与传统共沉淀法比较。技术分析中物料与能量平衡计算结果表明，火焰喷雾热解法可使CO₂排放、电力消耗和用水消耗分别降低约41%、85%和29%。经济分析结果显示，盈亏平衡条件下NCM811材料的最低售价为221.1 CNY/kg，较当前市场销售价低约18%。最后，针对材料最低售价的敏感性分析结果显示，原材料成本是最敏感的因素，当原料价格降低25%时，盈亏平衡点售价可达172.0 CNY/kg。

关键词: 火焰喷雾热解, 技术经济分析, 高镍三元正极材料, 锂离子电池

Abstract:

The cost of cathode materials contributes to approximately 30% of the manufacturing cost of lithium-ion batteries and is the main influencing factor in the price of battery packs. The production of nickel-rich ternary cathode material, LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811), using flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) has lower energy consumption and needs less production equipment, which could considerably reduce the manufacturing cost of the cathode material. The objective of the present study is to quantitatively evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of producing nickel-rich ternary cathode materials using flame spray pyrolysis. The mass, energy, and emission flow rate of the NCM811 production by FSP were evaluated, and the minimum cathode material selling price (MCSP) was obtained and compared with the traditional carbonate coprecipitation pathway. The mass and energy balance results showed that the FSP process can reduce 41% of CO₂ emissions, 85% of power consumption, and 29% of water consumption compared with the traditional pathway due to the advantages of compressing sintering time. The economic analysis results showed that the MCSP under breakeven conditions was 221.1 CNY/kg, about 18% lower than the current market price. The sensitivity analysis results showed that the price of raw materials was the most important factor. If the materials' prices were decreased by 25%, the NCM811 MCSP from FSP could achieve a price of 172.0 CNY/kg.

Key words: flame spray pyrolysis, techno-economic analysis, nickel-rich ternary cathode material, Li-ion battery

中图分类号:

TK-9

杜文, 王君雷, 徐运飞, 李世龙, 王昆. 火焰喷雾热解法生产锂离子电池高镍三元正极材料的技术经济分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(1): 345-357.

Wen DU, Junlei WANG, Yunfei XU, Shilong LI, Kun WANG. Techno-economic analysis for the preparation of Li-ion battery's ternary cathode material using flame spray pyrolysis[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(1): 345-357.

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序号	反应方程式	初始温度/℃	反应温度/℃
1	4LiNO₃ → 2Li₂O + 4NO₂(g) ↑ + O₂(g) ↑	25	600
2	2Ni(NO₃)₂ → 2NiO + 4NO₂(g) ↑ + O₂(g) ↑	25	310
3	Mn(NO₃)₂ → MnO₂ + 2NO₂(g) ↑	25	230
4	2Co(NO₃)₂ → 2CoO + 4NO₂(g) ↑ + O₂(g) ↑	25	450
5	CO(NH₂)₂ → HCNO + NH₃(g) ↑	25	160

序号	工序	设备名称	数量/台(套)	设备单价/万	投资额/万	额定功率/kW
1a	预混料阶段	吨包投料站	3	13.5	40.5	9.7
1b		精密称重设备	6	28.3	169.8	0.1
1c		搅拌混料设备	3	35.0	105.0	65.0
2a	火焰喷雾热解阶段	雾化设备	10	10.0	100.0	0.1
2b		火焰喷雾热解燃烧器	10	40.0	400.0	0.2
2c		天然气增压机	1	76.5	76.5	160
2d		空气压缩机	30	0.6	18.0	10
3	烧结阶段	烧结推板窑	2	900.0	1800.0	320
4	粉碎阶段	气流粉碎系统	3	300.0	900.0	200
5	合批阶段	螺旋混料合批机	4	73.1	292.4	2.2
6	除铁阶段	电磁除铁机	4	80.0	320.0	15
7	封包装阶段	封装机	2	55.00	110.00	2
8a	辅助生产设备	料仓、阀件、安全筛	1	650.0	650.0	0.2
8b		车间收尘系统	10	18.0	180.0	50
8c		料仓破拱设备	15	3.3	49.5	1.9
8d		气力输送系统	4	86.3	345.2	50
8e		外轨循环线	2	322.1	644.2	30
8f		仓顶除尘器	6	6.8	40.8	15
8g		SCR烟气脱硝塔	1	68.0	68.0	100

序号	参数名称	数值	单位
1	折现率	20	%
2	企业所得税税率	25	%
3	增值税税率	13	%
4	增值税附加税税率	13	%
5	名义贷款利率	4.95	%
6	项目建设期	2	年
7	贷款年限	10	年
8	项目总投资贷款占比	20	%
9	折旧期限	8	年
10	回收残值	5	%
11	项目建设期	2	年
12	项目试运营期	1	年
13	生产运营期	20	年
14	项目年生产天数	320	天
15	试运营期可变成本支出	75	生产经营期的…%
16	试运营期固定成本支出	100	生产经营期的…%
17	试运营期产能	3000	吨/年
18	生产经营期产能	6000	吨/年
19	设备寿命	10	年
20	临修、小修和中修费用	3	设备原值的…%
21	大修时间间隔	3	年
22	大修费用	30	设备原值的…%
23	生产线设备使用寿命	10	年

序号	名称	费用/万	占比/%
1	项目建设投资	13456.1	78.8
2	建设期利息	936.7	5.5
3	流动资金	2691.2	15.7
4	项目总投资	17084.0	100.0

序号	一级名称	二级名称	费用/万
1a	设备购置费用	设备购置费用	6309.9	46.9
2a	建筑安装工程投资	设备安装费用	856.5	6.4
2b	建筑安装工程投资	建筑工程费用	3299.3	24.5
3a	其他建设投资	土地购置费用	637.6	4.7
3b		建设其他费用	498.7	3.7
3c		招投标费用	35.0	0.3
3d		未来经营费用	93.7	0.7
4a	预备费	基本预备费	1096.1	8.1
4b	预备费	涨价预备费	633.0	4.7
5	建设投资		13459.8	100.0