储能用锂电池浸没式热性能调控仿真及热安全实验研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1056

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对户储用5 kWh电池插箱在工作过程中温升和温差过大的问题，设计了一种浸没式内胆箱体模型，该模型直接将电池浸泡其中，再与外部电池包进行电气连接。在内胆中，研究了静态浸没下电池间距、浸没高度比以及放电倍率对常规冷却性能的影响。此外，还对该模型的热安全性能进行了实验研究。结果表明：当电池间距为2.5 mm时，电池模组的温度均匀性显著改善；当电池100%浸没时，可以获得最佳冷却效果；当电池模组以0.5 C、1.0 C以及1.5 C放电，完全浸没的电池模组最大温度较无浸没时显著降低，电池模组的温度均匀性也得到了极大的改善。随后通过实验验证了常规液冷模型的准确性，仿真与实验之间的最大偏差为1.29 ℃。最后，由过充热失控扩散性能实验可知该冷却方法可以有效地抑制热失控蔓延。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 浸没式热管理, 数值模拟, 热蔓延抑制

Abstract:

To address the challenges of temperature rise and excessive temperature differences during the operation of a 5 kWh household storage battery plug-in box, a submerged inner tank model was designed. The model allows the batteries to be directly immersed in a cooling medium, while maintaining electrical connectivity to an external battery pack. The study investigated how battery spacing, immersion height ratio, and discharge rate impact cooling performance during static immersion in the inner tank. In addition, the thermal safety performance of the model was experimentally analyzed. Results revealed that a battery spacing of 2.5 mm significantly improves temperature uniformity within the battery module. Optimal cooling performance was achieved when the batteries were 100% submerged. Discharging the fully immersed battery module at 0.5 C, 1.0 C, and 1.5 C notably reduced the maximum temperature compared to non-immersed conditions, while also greatly improving temperature uniformity. Subsequently, the accuracy of the conventional liquid cooling model was verified through experiments, with the simulation results closely aligning with experimental data, showing a maximum deviation of only 1.29 ℃. Finally, overcharge thermal runaway diffusion experiments demonstrated that this cooling method effectively suppresses the spread of thermal runaway.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, immersion thermal management, numerical simulation, thermal propagation suppression

中图分类号:

TM 912

周海洋, 张振东, 盛雷, 朱泽华, 张晓军, 张春风. 储能用锂电池浸没式热性能调控仿真及热安全实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(5): 1866-1874.

Haiyang ZHOU, Zhendong ZHANG, Lei SHENG, Zehua ZHU, Xiaojun ZHANG, Chunfeng ZHANG. Simulation of immersion thermal performance regulation and thermal safety experimental study for energy storage lithium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(5): 1866-1874.

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参数	数值
质量/g	1992.0
尺寸(长×宽×高)/(mm×mm×mm)	159.5×50.6×115.7
额定容量/Ah	100
额定电压U/V	3.65
比热容/[J/(kg·℃)]	1023.6
密度/(kg/m³)	2143.7

导热系数/[W/(m·℃)]	X方向(宽度)	13.2
	Y方向(厚度)	3.7
	Z方向(高度)	9.6

放电倍率	q(t)=k₀+k₁t+k₂t²+k₃t³+k₄t⁴
放电倍率	K₀	K₁	K₂	K₃	K₄
0.5 C	2.83	9.341×10^-4	-7.641×10^-7	1.101×10^-10	-4.619×10^-16
1.0 C	5.559	1.579×10^-2	-1.686×10^-5	5.692×10^-9	-5.098×10^-13
1.5 C	47.67	-2.057×10^-3	-1.373×10^-5	8.622×10^-9	-8.69×10^-13

零配件	材料	参数
内胆	不锈钢304	比热容：502 J/(kg·℃) 导热率：16.2 W/(m·℃) 密度：7850 kg/m³
密封垫圈	EVA泡沫棉	比热容：1100 J/(kg·℃) 导热率：0.127 W/(m·℃) 密度：974 kg/m³
Busbar	Al 3003	比热容：1014 J/(kg·℃) 导热率：155 W/(m·℃) 密度：2700 kg/m³
侧板固定件	Al 6061	比热容：900 J/(kg·℃) 导热率：155 W/(m·℃) 密度：2720 kg/m³
隔板	环氧板	比热容：1581 J/kg·℃ 导热率：0.2 W/(m·℃) 密度：1800 kg/m³

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