考虑储能SOC的分布式光伏一次调频优化控制方法

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0295

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着分布式光伏等可再生能源的并网，传统调频资源已无法满足日益增长的调频需求。为更好地改善电网频率特性，发挥分布式光伏的调频潜力，提出了考虑储能SOC的分布式光伏一次调频优化控制方法。首先，根据分布式光伏以及储能设备的频率响应特性，建立了并网频率控制模型；然后，结合冠豪猪优化算法(CPO)对模型预测控制(MPC)的关键参数进行自适应调整，在此基础上考虑分布式光伏的容量限制以及储能SOC特征，构建了一次调频参数优化模型并实时更新状态空间方程，以此实现对分布式光伏频率支撑能力的精确控制；最后，通过Matlab/Simulink仿真算例对比不同控制策略下的调频性能。结果表明，该算法相比于优化前的控制策略具有更高的控制精度和更快的响应速度，且在延时和连续扰动场景下仍能表现出较好的控制性能，具有较强的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力。

关键词: 储能荷电状态, 分布式光伏, 模型预测控制, 参数优化

Abstract:

With the integration of renewable energy sources such as distributed photovoltaics, traditional frequency regulation resources can no longer meet the growing frequency regulation demand. To better improve the frequency characteristics of power grids and unleash the frequency regulation potential of distributed photovoltaics, we propose an optimization control method for distributed photovoltaic primary frequency regulation considering energy storage SOC. First, a grid-connected frequency control model was developed based on the frequency response characteristics of distributed photovoltaic and energy storage devices. Second, combined with the Guanhao pig optimization algorithm, the key parameters of the predictive control model were adaptively adjusted. Based on this, considering the capacity limitation of distributed photovoltaics and the characteristics of energy storage SOC, a frequency modulation parameter optimization model was developed, and the state space equation was updated in real time to achieve precise control of the frequency support capability of distributed photovoltaics. Finally, by comparing the frequency modulation performance under different control strategies through MATLAB/Simulink simulation examples, the results show that the optimized control algorithm has higher control accuracy and faster response speed than the pre-optimized control strategy. Moreover, the optimized algorithm demonstrates good control performance in delay scenarios with good robustness and anti-interference ability.

Key words: energy storage state of charge, distributed photovoltaics, model predictive control, parameter optimization

中图分类号:

TM 712

张天海, 杨小龙, 周帅, 汤可怡, 刘鑫. 考虑储能SOC的分布式光伏一次调频优化控制方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(10): 3796-3807.

Tianhai ZHANG, Xiaolong YANG, Shuai ZHOU, Keyi TANG, Xin LIU. Optimization control method for distributed photovoltaic primary frequency regulation considering energy storage SOC[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(10): 3796-3807.

图/表 4

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符号	含义	数值
H_G	同步机时间惯性常数	6
D	负荷频率响应系数	0.01
k_E	储能调频增益系数	10
T_E	储能惯性响应系数	0.3
k_d	分布式光伏的一次调频控制增益	8
T_PV1	调频控制指令下发到光伏逆变器的时间常数	0.2
T_PV2	光伏逆变器的执行时间常数	0.5
P_L/p.u.	负荷扰动	0.15

场景	最大频率波动/Hz	调节时间/s
场景一	0.374	7.42
场景二	0.298	6.53
场景三	0.221	5.21

场景	最大频率波动/Hz	调节时间/s
场景一	0.408	11.51
场景二	0.342	8.47
场景三	0.253	5.92