基于热泵储电的绝热钙循环卡诺电池系统特性及优化研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0918

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为应对能源短缺危机和时空分布不均的挑战，本文结合钙基热化学储能与热泵储电的优势，提出一种新型耦合系统。通过热泵为分解反应供热以高密度储能，水合反应放热驱动发电高效释能，杜绝存储过程能量耗散，实现长时大规模储能。分析操作参数对往返效率的影响，在本文考察范围内储能过程循环压比增加正向提升往返效率，但过高的压比加大设备负担且边际效用递减。热泵吸热温度和分解反应温度不宜偏离过远，370 ℃、415 ℃时往返效率分别最高，需尽可能降低夹点温度，避免高品位热能降级使用。释能过程提高发电循环压比或使中间级压力接近理想值，可增加循环净功，往返效率升高。更高的水合反应温度、热机吸热温度以及Ca(OH)₂存储温度对往返效率有增益效果，而CaO和H₂O预热温度影响甚微。采用“黑箱”模型和夹点方法，并借助改进的遗传算法优化系统参数。换热网络损得到有效控制，往返效率最高可达65.96%，是一种颇具竞争力的能量存储方式。

关键词: 钙基热化学储能, 热泵储电, 卡诺电池, 参数优化, 往返效率

Abstract:

To tackle energy shortages and uneven distribution, we proposed a novel and advantageous coupled system that integrated Ca-looping thermochemical energy storage and pumped thermal electricity storage. Charging was achieved by using a heat pump to supply heat for dehydration, while discharging relied on hydration-induced heat generation for electricity production. This approach effectively eliminated thermal dissipation losses during storage, enabling long-term, large-capacity energy storage. Analyzed the impact of operating parameters on cycle efficiency. Increasing the cycle pressure ratio during charging positively affects cycle efficiency but also increases device burden, and leading to diminishing marginal returns. The absorption temperature of the heat pump and dehydration temperature should remain close to optimize performance. Minimizing pinch temperature is crucial to enhance thermal quality utilization. Increasing pressure ratio or aligning the intermediate pressure with ideal value during discharging results in an increase net power of the cycle, thereby enhances cycle efficiency. Higher heat absorption temperature of the generator and hydration temperature, as well as elevated storage temperature of Ca(OH)₂, improve outcomes, while preheating temperatures of CaO and H₂O have small impact. The black-box concept, pinch analysis, and improved genetic algorithm were used to optimize. Effectively controlling heat exchange network exergy loss, and achieving a maximum cycle efficiency of 65.96%. It demonstrates its competitiveness as an energy storage solution.

Key words: Ca-looping thermochemical energy storage, pumped thermal electricity storage, Carnot battery, parameter optimization, cycle efficiency

中图分类号:

TK 02

丁扬, 王翰文, 陆文杰, 罗元俊, 凌祥. 基于热泵储电的绝热钙循环卡诺电池系统特性及优化研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0918.

Yang DING, Hanwen WANG, Wenjie LU, Yuanjun LUO, Xiang LING. Characteristics and optimization study of an adiabatic Ca-looping Carnot battery system based on pumped thermal electricity storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0918.

图/表 15

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

表2

图13

参考文献 18

1	武强, 涂坤, 曾一凡. "双碳"目标愿景下我国能源战略形势若干问题思考[J]. 科学通报, 2023, 68(15): 1884-1898.
	WU Q, TU K, ZENG Y F. Research on China's energy strategic situation under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2023, 68(15): 1884-1898.
2	郑天一, 简析储能技术的应用研究[C]. 第三十六届中国(天津)2022' IT、网络、信息技术、电子、仪器仪表创新学术会议论文集, 2022: 178-181.
	ZHENG T Y. A brief analysis of the application research of energy storage technology[C]// Proceedings of the 36th China (Tianjin) 2022' IT, Network, Information Technology, Electronics, Instrumentation Innovation Academic Conference, 2022: 178-181.
3	张琼, 王亮, 徐玉杰, 等. 热泵储电技术研究进展[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(01): 178-185+354.
	ZHANG Q, WANG L, XU Y J, et al. Research progress in pumped heat electricity storage system: A Review[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(01): 178-185+354.
4	张谨奕, 王含, 白宁, 等. 热泵储电系统的热力学分析[J]. 热力发电, 2020, 49(08): 43-49+63.
	ZHANG J Y, WANG H, BAI N, et al. Thermodynamic analysis for heat pump electricity storage system[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2020, 49(08): 43-49+63.
5	殷子彦, 戴叶, 徐博, 等. 新型热泵储电系统的设计方案及其性能分析[J]. 可再生能源, 2019, 37(05): 784-790.
	YIN Z Y, DAI Y, XU B, et al. New design scheme of pumped thermal electricity system and its performance analysis[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2019, 37(05): 784-790.
6	DAVENNE T R, PETERS B. An analysis of pumped thermal energy storage with De-coupled thermal stores[J]. Frontiers in Energy Research, 2020, 8: 160.
7	张琼. 新型热泵储电技术仿真研究[D]. 中国科学院大学(中国科学院工程热物理研究所), 2017.
	ZHANG Q. Simulation research on the novel pumped thermal electricity storage technology[D]. Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017.
8	WANG L, LIN X P, ZHANG H, et al. Analytic optimization of Joule-Brayton cycle-based pumped thermal electricity storage system[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2022, 47: 1036603.
9	PALOMBA V, FRAZZICA A. Recent advancements in sorption technology for solar thermal energy storage applications[J]. Solar Energy, 2019, 192: 69-105.
10	凌祥,宋丹阳,陈晓轶, 等. 钙基热化学储能体系装备与系统研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(04): 1777-1796.
	LING X, SONG D Y, CHEN X Y, et al. Progress in equipment and systems for calcium-based thermochemical energy storage system[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(04): 1777-1796.
11	CHEN X Y, JIN X G, LING X, et al. Indirect integration of thermochemical energy storage with the recompression supercritical CO₂ Brayton cycle[J]. Energy, 2020, 209: 118452.
12	LIU Z Y, ZHANG H, JIN X, et al. Thermal economy analysis and multi-objective optimization of a small CO₂ transcritical pumped thermal electricity storage system[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2023, 293: 117451.
13	张涵, 王亮, 林曦鹏, 等. 基于逆/正布雷顿循环的热泵储电系统性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(05): 1796-1805.
	ZHANG H, WANG L, LlN X P, et al. Performance of pumped thermal electricity storage system based on reverse/forward Brayton cycle[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(05): 1796-1805.
14	SCHAUBE F, KOCH L, WÖRNER A, et al. A thermodynamic and kinetic study of the de- and rehydration of Ca(OH)₂ at high H₂O partial pressures for thermo-chemical heat storage[J]. Thermochimica Acta, 2012, 538: 9-20.
15	TOFFOLO A, LAZZARETTO A, MORANDIN M. The HEATSEP method for the synthesis of thermal systems: An application to the S-Graz cycle[J]. Energy, 2010, 35(2): 976-981.
16	KEMP I C, Pinch analysis and process integration: A user guide on process integration for the effcient use of energy[M]. 2nd ed. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd., 2007.
17	陈璐璐, 邱建林, 陈燕云, 等. 改进的遗传粒子群混合优化算法[J]. 计算机工程与设计, 2017, 38(02): 395-399.
	CHEN L L, QlU J L, CHEN Y Y, et al. Improved hybrid optimization algorithms based on genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization[J]. Computer Engineering and Design, 2017, 38(02): 395-399.
18	KORAKIANITIS T, WILSON D G. Models for predicting the performance of Brayton-cycle engines[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power-Transactions of the Asme, 1994, 116(2): 381-388.

储能过程		释能过程
循环高压 1C	92 bar	循环高压 2C2	124 bar
循环低压 1E	7 bar	循环低压 2E2	9 bar
冷却温度 1TH	400 ℃	中间压缩压力 2C1	20 bar
加热温度 1TL	45 ℃	中间膨胀压力 2E2	27 bar
		加热温度 2TH1、2	600 ℃
		冷却温度 2TL1、2	-150 ℃

储能过程		释能过程
循环高压 1C	201 bar	循环高压 2C2	171 bar
循环低压 1E	15 bar	循环低压 2E2	55 bar
循环压比	13.40	循环压比	3.11
冷却温度 1TH	397 ℃	中间压缩压力 2C1	56 bar
加热温度 1TL	39 ℃	中间膨胀压力 2E2	108 bar
循环高温	635.63 ℃	加热温度 2TH1、2	595 ℃
		冷却温度 2TL1、2	-102 ℃
分解温度	415 ℃	水合温度	600 ℃
		CaO预热温度 2HX3	572 ℃
		H₂O预热温度 SuperH	459 ℃
CaO存储温度 1HX4	50 ℃	Ca(OH)₂存储温度 2HX2	50 ℃

[1]	孙健, 陶建龙, 胡芸蓉, 蔡潇龙, 杨勇平. 基于热泵型储电技术国内外研究综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(6): 1963-1976.
[2]	吴超, 王罗亚, 袁子杰, 马昌龙, 叶季蕾, 吴宇平, 刘丽丽. 液冷散热技术在电化学储能系统中的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(10): 3596-3612.
[3]	孛衍君, 薛新杰, 王化宁, 赵长颖. 基于相变堆积床的卡诺电池系统设计与实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(9): 2823-2832.
[4]	韩瑞, 廖志荣, 于博旭, 徐超, 巨星. 面向火电厂改造的熔盐卡诺电池储能系统仿真研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(12): 3605-3615.
[5]	圣力, 薛新杰, 孛衍君, 赵长颖. 基于相变储能介质热泵储电系统的模拟与分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(11): 3649-3657.
[6]	张涵, 王亮, 林曦鹏, 陈海生. 基于逆/正布雷顿循环的热泵储电系统性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(5): 1796-1805.
[7]	闫红丽, 敬志良, 陆佐伟, 王玉琪, 吴震. 基于化学吸/脱附固态储氢的PEMFC动力系统耦合特性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(1): 152-161.