面向数据中心液冷装置余热回收的卡诺电池储能系统可行性分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0555

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着新一代信息技术的迅猛发展，需要全时段供电、不间断冷却的数据中心建设量急剧提高。同时，在全球可再生能源消费比重不断提高的背景下，各国普遍提出峰谷电价政策。数据中心冷却系统供冷效果差、系统能耗高，数据中心用电诉求与现行电价政策难以适配。为解决这一矛盾，将两相浸没式液冷技术与卡诺电池储能技术有机结合，构建了一种新型数据中心用冷电联供系统。为评估本系统在不同城市的可行性，选取哈尔滨、南京、广州三座城市作为应用对象，对比分析了本系统与全年采用自然冷却模式的浸没式冷却系统的能效表现及经济性。结果表明，采用新系统后，每千瓦的数据中心IT设备全年用电花费分别节省了235.52元、245.24元及281.28元。本研究给出的方案有效地提升了数据中心的用电灵活性，大幅降低了数据中心运维费用。

关键词: 数据中心, 卡诺电池, 自然冷却, 能效表现, 经济性

Abstract:

The rapid advancement of next-generation information technology has led to a significant increase in data center construction, which demands continuous power supply and uninterrupted cooling. Concurrently, with the growing adoption of global renewable energy, many countries have introduced peak-valley electricity pricing policies. The current cooling systems in data centers often exhibit suboptimal cooling performance and high energy consumption, making it challenging for these centers to adapt to existing electricity pricing policies. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel combined cooling and power system for data centers by integrating two-phase immersion liquid cooling technology with Carnot battery energy storage technology. To assess the feasibility of this system across different regions, Harbin, Nanjing, and Guangzhou were selected as case study locations. The study compares and analyzes the energy efficiency and economic performance of the proposed system against the immersion cooling system utilizing natural cooling mode throughout the year. Results indicate that the new system reduces the annual electricity cost per kilowatt of data center IT equipment by 235.52 CNY, 245.24 CNY and 281.28 CNY in Harbin, Nanjing, and Guangzhou, respectively. The proposed scheme significantly enhances the power flexibility of data centers while substantially reducing their operational and maintenance costs.

Key words: data center, Carnot battery, free cooling, coefficient of performance, economical efficiency

中图分类号:

TB 657

张宇, 李敏霞, 李君, 颜利波, 张家兴, 王志朋, 田华. 面向数据中心液冷装置余热回收的卡诺电池储能系统可行性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(11): 3921-3929.

Yu ZHANG, Minxia LI, Jun LI, Libo YAN, Jiaxing ZHANG, Zhipeng WANG, Hua TIAN. Feasibility analysis of a Carnot battery energy storage system for waste heat recovery of liquid cooling units in data centers[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(11): 3921-3929.

图/表 14

图1

表1

表2

表3

表4

系统内各个泵的热力学模型"

部件	计算公式
泵-A	$W p u m, A = m 1 ⋅ (h 1, i s - h 3) / η p u m, A$
泵-B	$W p u m, B = m 3 ⋅ (h 11, i s - h 10) / η p u m, B$
泵-C	$W p u m, C = m 4 ⋅ (h 16, i s - h 15) / η p u m, C$
泵-D	$W p u m, D = m 4 ⋅ (h 18, i s - h 17) / η p u m, D$

表4

表5

系统内各换热器的热力学模型"

部件	计算公式
冷凝器-A	$Q c o n, A = m 1 ⋅ (h 2 - h 3)$
冷凝器-B	$Q c o n, B = m 2 ⋅ (h 6 - h 7)$
冷凝器-C	$Q c o n, C = m 3 ⋅ (h 13 - h 14)$
蒸发器-A	$Q e v a, A = m 2 ⋅ (h 9 - h 8)$
蒸发器-B	$Q e v a, B = m 3 ⋅ (h 12 - h 11)$

表5

图2

图3

图4

图5

表6

图6

图7

图8

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参数	数值	参考文献
热泵循环过热度/℃	5	[20]
热泵循环过冷度/℃	5	[20]
窄点温差/℃	5	[21]
储热温度/℃	100	[21]
储热温升/℃	20	[22]
压缩机等熵效率	0.8	[23]
膨胀机等熵效率	0.85	[23]
泵等熵效率	0.7	[23]

物性	数值
临界温度/℃	165.6
临界压力/bar	35.7
沸点/℃	18.26
安全分类	A1
ODP(臭氧损耗潜值)	0.00034
GWP(全球变暖潜值)	1

峰谷电价时段	哈尔滨	南京	广州
尖峰时段/(元/kWh)	1.3549	—	1.7519
高峰时段/(元/kWh)	1.1358	1.3161	1.4071
平时段/(元/kWh)	0.7605	0.7872	0.8390
低谷时段/(元/kWh)	0.4005	0.3557	0.3360

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