基于有机朗肯循环的卡诺电池热储能系统性能分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0507

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了进一步提高钢铁行业低温余热利用率，本文将烧结环冷机出口低温烟气余热引入由热泵(HP)循环、蓄热系统和有机朗肯循环(ORC)组成的热泵储电(PTES)系统，并构建PTES系统热力循环过程的计算模型，研究不同ORC循环工质条件下HP冷凝温度、ORC蒸发温度和ORC过热度对PTES系统热力性能的影响。研究结果表明，降低HP冷凝温度和提高ORC蒸发温度均可以提高PTES系统的制热系数(COP_new)和功率效率(η_ptp)。当ORC工质为isobutane(异丁烷)时，HP冷凝温度每增加2 ℃，系统COP_new和η_ptp分别平均减小0.16和0.88%，而ORC蒸发温度每增加2 ℃，系统COP_new、ORC热效率(η_ORC)和η_ptp分别平均增加0.034、0.26%和0.68%。与ORC蒸发器相比，HP冷凝器内循环工质与储热介质的温度匹配对PTES系统热力性能的影响更为明显，但HP冷凝温度对η_ORC的变化没有影响。当HP冷凝温度和ORC蒸发温度不变时，采用较小的ORC过热度能够有效提高PTES系统的热力性能。综合考虑PTES系统的COP_new、η_ORC和η_ptp, 采用R245fa作为ORC循环工质时系统性能最好，其次是isobutane和R236ea。在低温烧结烟气余热驱动的PTES系统中，应优先选择R245fa作为ORC系统的循环工质。

关键词: 余热回收, 热泵储电, 热泵, 有机朗肯循环, 热力性能

Abstract:

To enhance the utilization of low-temperature waste heat in the steel industry, this study integrates low-temperature flue gas waste heat from the outlet of a sinter annular cooler into a pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) system. The PTES system comprises a heat pump (HP) cycle, a heat storage system, and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). A thermodynamic calculation model of the PTES cycle process was developed, examining the effects of HP condensation temperature, ORC evaporation temperature, and ORC superheat degree on the system's performance with different working fluids. Results indicate that lowering the HP condensation temperature and raising the ORC evaporation temperature can improve the heating coefficient (COP_new) and power efficiency (η_ptp) of the PTES system. When isobutane is used as the ORC working fluid, COP_new and η_ptp decrease by 0.16 and 0.88%, respectively, as the HP condensation temperature increases by 2 ℃. Conversely, COP_new, ORC thermal efficiency (η_ORC), and η_ptp increase by 0.034, 0.26%, and 0.68%, respectively, with a 2 ℃ increase in ORC evaporation temperature. Compared to the ORC evaporator, temperature matching between the circulating working fluid and the heat storage medium in the HP condenser has a more significant impact on system performance, and the HP condensation temperature does not affect η_ORC. With constant HP condensation and ORC evaporation temperatures, reducing the ORC superheat degree improves the PTES system's thermodynamic performance. Considering COP_new, η_ORC, and η_ptp, R245fa is identified as the optimal working fluid for the ORC, followed by isobutane and R236ea. For PTES systems driven by low-temperature sinter flue gas waste heat, R245fa is recommended as the preferred ORC working fluid.

Key words: waste heat recovery, pumped thermal energy storage, heat pump, organic Rankine cycle, thermal performance

中图分类号:

TK 115

冯军胜, 严亚茹, 赵亮, 董辉. 基于有机朗肯循环的卡诺电池热储能系统性能分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(11): 3930-3938.

Junsheng FENG, Yaru YAN, Liang ZHAO, Hui DONG. Performance analysis of a Carnot battery thermal energy storage system based on organic Rankine cycle[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(11): 3930-3938.

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物性参数	isopentane	R245fa	R236ea	isobutane
工质类型	干	干	干	干
摩尔质量/(g/mol)	72.15	134.05	152.04	58.12
沸点/ ℃	27.83	15.14	6.19	-11.74
临界温度/ ℃	187.2	154.05	139.29	134.7
临界压力/MPa	3.378	3.651	3.42	3.64
ODP(臭氧消耗潜能)	0	0	0	0
GWP(全球变暖潜能)	7	1030	710	20

参数名称	数值	单位
热源进口温度	120	℃
热源出口温度	60	℃
热源流体质量流量	100	kg/s
蓄热器进口温度	130	℃
蓄热器出口温度	80	℃
HP冷凝温度	125~145	℃
ORC蒸发温度	75~95	℃
ORC过热度	0~20	℃
压缩机的等熵效率^[24]	85	%
膨胀机的等熵效率^[24]	85	%
工质泵的等熵效率^[24]	85	%
大气压力	101.3	kPa
环境温度T₀	20	℃

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