Recent progresses and prospects of lead redox flow battery

doi:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2019.0109

Abstract

Abstract: The lead redox flow battery (LRFB), as a novel type of lead battery, which has bright prospects in future research and application, is becoming a research focus in electrochemistry. Since it was proposed by Pletcher in 2004, a number of relative researches have been done. This paper analyzes the theoretical performances, reviews the development history, and introduces the research status of LRFB. Research outcomes exhibited that the performances of SLFB on the 100 cm² electrode scale reached 90% charge efficiencies and 80% voltage efficiencies across 100 cycles, and the tests on the 1000 cm² electrodes of SLFB were already done. According to theoretical calculation and analysis, the energy storage cost of LRFBs is only 0.265 ￥·(kW·h)^-1, which is lower compared with conventional lead acid batteries. The exigent problems of LRFB to be solved include:① scaleup experiments are necessary; ② cost reduction by developing current collector materials; ③ failure mechanisms study to improve cycle life;④ restore or repair methods for spent LRFB.

Key words: lead acid battery, flow battery, soluble lead flow battery, energy storage cost, cycle life

CLC Number:

TM912

XUE Yawen, XIE Mengru, LI Jindong, XIONG Rui, YUAN Du, GUO Zhigang, DENG Chengzhi, WU Xu. Recent progresses and prospects of lead redox flow battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(6): 1096-1106.

References

[1] ZHANG C P, SHARKH S M, LI X, et al. The performance of a soluble lead-acid flow battery and its comparison to a static lead-acid battery[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2011, 52(12):3391-3398.
[2] KRISHNA M, FRASER E J, WILLS R G A, et al. Developments in soluble lead flow batteries and remaining challenges:An illustrated review[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2018, 15:69-90.
[3] 阎智刚, 胡信国. 提高铅酸电池活性物质利用率[J]. 电池, 2001, 31(2):90-92. YAN Zhigang, HU Xinguo. Imoproving active material utilization of lead acid batteries[J]. Bimonthly Battery, 2001, 31(2):90-92.
[4] 黄滨. 废铅酸电池回收处置清洁生产与循环经济实现[J]. 中国金属通报, 2018(5):20-21. HUANG Bin. Clean production and recycling economy of waste leadacid batteries[J]. China Metal Bulletin, 2018(5):20-21.
[5] 张华民. 液流电池技术[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社, 2015. ZHANG Huamin. Flow battery technology[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2015.
[6] 陈渊. 采用氟硼酸铅电解液的铅液流电池性能研究[D]. 武汉:华中科技大学:2017. CHEN Yuan. A study on performances of lead RedOx flow batteries with lead fluoroborate electrolyte[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2017.
[7] WILLS R G A, COLLINS J, STRATTON-CAMPBELL D, et al. Developments in the soluble lead-acid flow battery[J]. J. Appl. Electrochem., 2010, 40(5):955-965.
[8] WHITE J C, BALDWIN J H, PEEBLES E J, et al. Lead perchloric acid primary cell:US, 2492206[P]. 1949-12-27.
[9] McDonald G D, WEISSMAN E Y, ROEMER T S. Lead-fluoroboric acid battery[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1972, 119(6):660-663.
[10] BECK F, WURMB R, BOEHLKE K. Secondary battery:US, 4119767[P]. 1978-10-10.
[11] HENK P O, PIONTKOWSKI Z Z A. Lead salt electric storage battery:US, 4331744[P]. 1982-05-25.
[12] COLLINS J, KEAR G, LI X H, et al. A novel flow battery:A lead acid battery based on an electrolyte with soluble lead(II) Part VIII. The cycling of a 10 cm×10 cm flow cell[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2010, 195(6):1731-1738.
[13] COLLINS J, LI X H, PLETCHER D, et al. A novel flow battery:a lead acid battery based on an electrolyte with soluble lead(II). Part IX:Electrode and electrolyte conditioning with hydrogen peroxide[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2010, 195(9):2975-2978.
[14] HAZZA A, PLETCHER D, WILLS R. A novel flow battery-a lead acid battery based on an electrolyte with soluble lead(II)-IV. The influence of additives[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2005, 149:103-111.
[15] HAZZA A, PLETCHER D,WILLS R. A novel flow battery:A lead acid battery based on an electrolyte with soluble lead(II)-Part I. Preliminary studies[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2004, 6(8):1773-1778.
[16] LI X H, PLETCHER D, WALSH F C. A novel flow battery:A lead acid battery based on an electrolyte with soluble lead(II) Part VII. Further studies of the lead dioxide positive electrode[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2009, 54(20):4688-4695.
[17] LI X H, PLETCHER D, WALSH F C. Electrodeposited lead dioxide coatings[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2011, 40(7):3879-3894.
[18] LOW C T J, PLETCHER D, WALSH F C. The electrodeposition of highly reflective lead dioxide coatings[J]. Electrochem. Commun., 2009, 11(6):1301-1304.
[19] PLETCHER D,WILLS R. A novel flow battery-A lead acid battery based on an electrolyte with soluble lead(II)-III. The influence of conditions on battery performance[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2005, 149:96-102.
[20] PLETCHER D,WILLS R. A novel flow battery:A lead acid battery based on an electrolyte with soluble lead(II)-Part II. Flow cell studies[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2004, 6(8):1779-1785.
[21] PLETCHER D,ZHOU H, KEAR G, et al. A novel flow battery-A lead-acid battery based on an electrolyte with soluble lead(II) Part VI. Studies of the lead dioxide positive electrode[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2008, 180(1):630-634.
[22] PLETCHER D, ZHOU H, KEAR G, et al. A novel flow battery-A lead-acid battery based on an electrolyte with soluble lead(II) V. Studies of the lead negative electrode[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2008, 180(1):621-629.
[23] CLARKE R L, DOUGHERTY B J, HARRISON S, et al. Battery with bifunctional electrolyte:US, 6986966B2[P]. 2005.
[24] VERDE M G,CARROLL K J,WANG Z Y, et al. Achieving high efficiency and cyclability in inexpensive soluble lead flow batteries[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2013, 6(5):1573-1581.
[25] DONG J X, WU X, CHEN Y, et al. A study on Pb²⁺/Pb electrodes for soluble lead redox flow cells prepared with methanesulfonic acid and recycled lead[J]. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2016, 46(8):861-868.
[26] BATES A, MUKERJEE S, LEE S C, et al. An analytical study of a lead-acid flow battery as an energy storage system[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 249:207-218.
[27] 白冲. 充放电控制策略对蓄电池效率和寿命的影响研究[D]. 西安:陕西科技大学, 2016. BAI Chong. Research on the effect of charge-discharge control strategies on battery efficiency and lifespan[D]. Xi'an:Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 2016.
[28] GERNON M D, WU M, BUSZTA T, et al. Environmental benefits of methanesulfonic acid:Comparative properties and advantages[J]. Green Chemistry, 1999, 1(3):127-140.
[29] KRISHNA M, WALLIS L P J, WILLS R G A, et al. Measurement of key electrolyte properties for improved performance of the soluble lead flow battery[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(29):18491-18498.
[30] VELICHENKO A B, AMADELLI R, GRUZDEVA E V, et al. Electrodeposition of lead dioxide from methanesulfonate solutions[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2009, 191(1):103-110.
[31] ZHAO Y, DING Y, LI Y T, et al. A chemistry and material perspective on lithium redox flow batteries towards high-density electrical energy storage[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2015, 44(22):7968-7996.
[32] 张华民, 王晓丽. 全钒液流电池技术最新研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2013, 2(3):281-288. ZHANG Huamin, WANG Xiaoli. Recent progress on vanadium flow battery technologies[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2013, 2(3):281-288.
[33] OURY A, KIRCHEV A, BULTEL Y. Cycling of soluble lead flow cells comprising a honeycomb-shaped positive electrode[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 264:22-29.
[34] LATHA J T, JAYANTI S. Hydrodynamic analysis of flow fields for redox flow battery applications[J]. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2014, 44(9):995-1006.
[35] HOBERECHT M A. Pumping power considerations in the designs of NASA-Redox flow cells:NASA TM-82598[R/OL]. Lewis Research Center, NASA, 1981. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19810019981.pdf
[36] INOUE M, KOBAYASHI M. Electrode material for flow-through type electrolytic cell, wherein the electrode comprises carbonaceous material having at least one groove:US, 5648184A[P]. 1997-7-15.
[37] HARPER M A M. Electrochemical battery incorporating internal manifolds:US, 7687193B2[P]. 2010-3-30.
[38] TIAN C H.,CHEIN R, HSUEH K L, et al. Design and modeling of electrolyte pumping power reduction in redox flow cells[J]. Rare Metals, 2011, 30(s1):16-21.
[39] MIYABAYASHIM M, SATO K, TAYAMA T, KAGEYAMA Y, OYAMA H. Redox Flow type battery:US, 5851694[P]. 1997. https://patents.glgoo.top/patent/US5851694A/en?oq=US5851694A.
[40] 苏伟. 化学储能技术及其在电力系统中的应用[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2013:200-344. SU Wei. Chemical energy storage technology and its application in power system[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2013:200-344.